洞室

A very complicated underground cavern system located in the thin mountain body on the left bank of the Xiaoliangdi Project is composed of a number of underground structures, including 3 orifice tunnels, 3 sediment tunnels, 3 free surface flow tunnels, 6 headrace tunnels, 3 tailrace tunnels, underground powerhouse, transformer chamber, draft tube gate chamber and also many tunnels for grouting, drainage, access and other uses.

小浪底工程左岸单薄分水岭山体的地质条件复杂，地层为砂岩夹有薄层泥岩，主要断层有F28、F461、F236、F238和F240。在左岸山体中布置有3条孔板洞、3条排沙洞、3条明流洞、6条引水洞、3条尾水洞、地下厂房、主变室、尾闸室以及为数众多的灌浆洞、排水洞、施工洞等，形成非常复杂的地下洞室群系统。水库蓄水后左岸山体出现了远大于原先估计的渗流量。

Results show that amplitude of displacement excited by vertical incidence wave is larger than that excited by inclined incidence wave and not influenced greatly by the incidence angle. In vertical incidence, amplitudes of displacement of two points at the same altitude along each cavern are basically identical and maximum relative displacement occurs between top and bottom point of the cavern. While in the case of inclined incidence, displacement amplitude on sides meeting the wave is larger than that on leed sides, and maximum relative displacement occurs on left skewback and bottom of the cavern.

结果表明，位移幅值受入射角度的影响不敏感，竖直入射比斜入射情况要大；竖直入射时，各洞室两侧同一高程处的位移幅值基本相同，相对位移差最大部位为洞顶与洞底，而斜入射时迎波面比背波面一侧位移大，且相对位移差最大部位为洞室迎波面的左拱座与洞底。

In addition, the theory can help the designer to select rational gallery sizes and effective supporting and constructing method, it also gives a quantitative criterion formulation that takes into account the lithological character, gallery size and lateral pressure coefficient, thus judging if shallow superincumbence is reasonable.

该理论还能帮助设计工程师选择合理的洞室尺寸和有效的支护措施和施工方法，并能对洞室的浅埋与否给出了考虑岩性、洞室尺寸、侧压系数的定量判别式。

Based on the Inglis formula, which calculates the tangential stress of the surrounding rock of geological stress field in different circumstances, programme is developed to compute the corresponding tangential stress of the surrounding rock of several underground plants, for instance, Ertan project of Sichuan according to different directions of longitudinal axle.

从地下洞室周边切向应力的英格里公式出发，提出针对不同环境的地应力场进行地下厂房纵轴线方位优选的简便方法，并编程计算了四川二滩等多个地下厂房不同纵轴线方向所对应的洞室周边切向应力，分析不同纵轴线方向条件下洞室周边切向应力的极值，并与实际工程所选取的纵轴线方向所对应的切向应力值比较，讨论了工程所选纵轴线的合理性以及洞室周边应力的集中程度。

During the process of the fore mentioned analyses, some tentative works as follows were done.(1)On the basis of the fundamental of spatial analytic geometry, the basic method for displaceable block searching was put forward and the relevant program was written. With this program one can easily search out all the displaceable blocks and omitting of blocks, which is very common in searching blocks manually, can be avoided.(2)The coefficient of stability of blocks with failure mode II-2(that is, sliding on a single sliding surface, but confined by near intersecting line )was deduced.(3)The multi-cavern effect of Laxiwa underground caverns was studied on the assumption that all of the caverns were full face tunneled at the same time.(4)The stability classification scheme of rock mass surrounding large scale underground caverns was established. In addition to inherit the merits of the method of engineering geological

在完成上述工作的过程中，本论文主要在以下几个方面进行了一些探索：①基于空间解析几何原理，提出了块体搜索的基本思路并编制出相应的程序，基本实现了块体搜索的自动化，既大大缩短了块体搜索时间，又能防止因人工搜索引起的遗漏；②推导出Ⅱ-2型(单滑面滑动，但受侧限面约束)块体的稳定性系数计算公式；③以数值模拟方法论证了拉西瓦地下厂房洞室群全断面一次开挖时群洞效应的具体特点；④以岩体质量、开挖效应、群洞效应和次生灾害效应为评价指标，建立了&大型地下洞室群围岩稳定性分类&方案；该方案既继承了水电行业规范&围岩工程地质分类&法的优点，又综合考虑了大型地下洞室群的工程特点。

To several cavities,such as circular cavity、oval cavity and olivary cavity, anlyses surrounding rock stability,and expatiates major factors which impact tunnel surrounding rock stability and determinant gists by considering the chacteristics of large span and flat tunnel.

对几种常见洞室—圆形洞室、椭圆形洞室和卵形洞室开挖后的应力重分布进行了分析，并结合大跨扁平隧道的特点，阐述了影响隧道围岩稳定性主要因素与判定依据。

The relation between different openings radius and overbreak as well as underbreak are studied. According to these, the relation between RMR and Q is built. The linear relation and the logarithm linear relation between RMR and Q and overbreak as well as underbreak are gained.

论文对洞室围岩的RMR分类和Q分类与超欠挖之间的关系进行详细的研究，研究不同开挖洞径与洞室超欠挖之间的关系，并由此建立了RMR分类和Q分类之间的关系，得出围岩的RMR分类和Q分类与洞室超欠挖呈线性关系或对数线性关系。

The basic principle is that basic geometry shape of openings in the photo is revised; the image can't be distortion by use of projection reconstruction; the corrected image is exerted by open operation and close operation of gray-image; the shape of openings is gained lastly. The perimeter borderline of openings shape is extracted. The quantity of overbreak as well as underbreak is gained by comparing to extracted perimeter and designed perimeter. The same method is applied to other opening sections. Evaluation of overbreak as well as underbreak in the openings can be easily solved in the way of quantitative.

其基本原理是：对野外摄取的洞室的基本剖面形状进行几何校正，然后应用图像学中的投影重建方法使图像不失真，对修正后的图像实行灰度图像的开操作和闭操作运算，得到洞室的基本形状，然后用图像学中的边界提取技术提取洞室的周边界，与洞室的设计形状对比分析，得到洞室在该断面上的超欠挖方量，然后对其它断面采用同样的技术就可评价某一段或整个洞室的超欠挖数量，从定量的角度解决了工程中的超欠挖评价问题。

The blasting excavation ways are the other factor of affecting overbreak as well as underbreak in the openings. So far, the research about the effect of blasting excavation to overbreak as well as underbreak is not be reported in the domestic. The openings perimeter shape that is be affected by blasting is researched from the angle of rock rupture.

论文旨在从岩体的破坏机理出发，对裂隙岩体开挖后的洞室周边分数维进行研究，提出了裂隙岩体洞室开挖周边的广义分数维模型，并且对不同影响参数与洞室周边分数维之间的关系进行分析，从分形理论的角度建立洞室周边广义分数维与洞室超挖之间的关系，从而建立了以岩体破裂机理为基础的超欠挖与广义分数维之间的关系。

From the results of numerical simulation, distributing characters of stress and strain field of surrounding rock mass under gravity is analyzed, which presents the effect of quality of surrounding rock mass, construction order and interactions of adjacent underground runnels while being constructed simultaneously. Impact of interlayer shearing belts on surrounding rock mass stability of underground c

对工程区右岸地下引水洞室群的围岩稳定性进行系统研究，可以控制工程投资，提高施工质量和支护设计精度；分析评价洞室围岩的整体及局部稳定性，消除洞室稳定的潜在危害，对保证地下洞室的施工安全、围岩的长期稳定以及优化设计具有十分重大的工程实践意义。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失