洞

In order to study the effect of web openings on the behavior of composite beams under negative moment ,three perforated and one unperforated cantilever composite beams were designed and tested.

为研究腹板开洞对负弯矩区组合梁受力性能的影响，对三根腹板开洞外挑组合梁和一根对比梁进行了试验研究，考虑是否开洞、洞口大小、洞口补强等参数的影响。

In accordance with the characteristics of fractured- vuggy carbonate reservoir,based on the analysis of reser- voir features and the fracture-cave combination pattern , the flow mechanism and connectivity among reservoir space has been first discussed in this paper.

针对溶洞为主的溶洞-裂缝型碳酸盐岩油藏特征，在分析储层特征和缝洞组合模式的基础上，初步探讨了缝和洞的流动机理、储集空间连通关系，最后讨论了不同开发阶段不同缝洞组合模式下，孔洞的不同作用。

The effect of the incident frequency, the distance between wave source and cavity, etc.

文中主要分析了入射波频率、波源与洞室距离等参数对洞室附近地表位移响应和洞室动应力集中的影响，得出了一些有益的结论。

Carbonate fractured/caverned karst reservoirs are a kind of composite ones that are superimposed by many fracture/cavern units within the control of cyclical tectonics and karstification so this kind of reservoirs are more difficult exploration and development than other kind of ones.

碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油气藏是受构造—岩溶旋回作用控制、由多个缝洞单元在空间上叠合形成的复合油气藏，勘探开发难度比较大。塔河油田是我国第一个以奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油气藏为主的古生界海相大油气田，勘探开发有其特殊性和复杂性。

As state-level scenic spots - Baise Uprising Memorial Hall; provincial-level scenic spots - Cheng Bi Lake; Ling Ling satisfied the hole, water holes; Jingxi the psychic Grand Canyon; music industry Lo Tung-mei, Liu cloth, Taishi Wei doline , Which form a Bose's tourism brand lines.

象国家级景点——百色起义纪念馆；省级风景名胜区--澄碧湖；凌云的纳灵洞、水源洞；靖西的通灵大峡谷；乐业的罗妹洞、布柳河、大石围天坑等，构成了百色的旅游品牌线路。

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

Herpestes mungo Mary designs, including 18 holes and a 9 hole illuminated ballfield, 18 hole championship tournament field total length 6532 meters, the standard bar 72 poles, the field ingenious change, the drawing close to nature, around the lane the waters encirclement, the green lane and the limpid lake water shines, pleasant, the modelling unique sand pit and the changeable sea breeze frequently are also testing the ball friend strain capacity and the wisdom, demonstrates the traditional Scotland style field fully the enchanting elegant demeanor and the international trophy athletic field unique charm.

蒙哥玛利设计，包括一个18洞和一个9洞灯光球场，18洞锦标赛球场总长6532米，标准杆72杆，球场巧妙变化、贴近自然，球道周围水域环绕、绿的球道与清澈的湖水相辉映，令人赏心悦目，造型独特的沙坑和变化多端的海风也时刻考验着球友的应变能力与智慧，充分显示传统苏格兰风格球场的迷人风采和国际锦标赛场的独特魅力。

But instead of the darkness, and the thick and mephitic atmosphere he had expected to find, Dantès saw a dim and bluish light, which, as well as the air, entered, not merely by the aperture he had just formed, but by the interstices and crevices of the rock which were visible from without, and through which he could distinguish the blue sky and the waving branches of the evergreen oaks, and the tendrils of the creepers that grew from the rocks.

唐太斯本来以为洞里一定很黑暗，空气中一定带着浓重的腐臭味，但到了里面，他却看到一片浅蓝色的昏暗的光线，这种光线，象空气一样，并非只是从他刚才挖开的洞口那儿射来的，是从岩石的裂缝里穿进来。这些在洞外是看不到的，但到了洞里，却可以透过它们看到那蔚蓝的天空，看到那些长在石缝里的常春藤，卷须蔓和野草的枝叶。

The generalized fractal dimension model of openings perimeter in jointed rock mass is put forward. The relation between erecting parameters and generalized fraetal dimension of openings perimeter is analyzed. According to the fractal theory, the relation between overbreak as well as underbreak and generalized fractal dimension of openings perimeter is built.

块体理论是研究洞室超欠挖的重要工具，它是从拓扑几何学的角度来研究洞室中的关键块体，但关键块体与超挖块体之间存在区别，文中对超挖块体和关键块体之间的关系进行分析研究，应用块体理论和结构面网络模拟技术相结合的方法预测了洞室超挖块体的大小。

Studies on rock and ore micro fabric that control mineral preservation stratum of the deposit,and the siliconization and pyritization contacted with gold mine origin reflects the characteristic of syndepositiondiagenesis,which indicates the sediment-diagenesis and later stage mild reconstructive genetic mechanism of Shuiyindong gold deposit.

黔西南水银洞金矿是一特大型富金矿床，矿体成群多层、顺层产于龙潭组地层中，通过系统研究水银洞金矿赋矿地层岩石及矿石的显微组构特征，以及与金矿成因联系密切的硅化及黄铁矿化特征，均显示为同沉积—成岩特征，共同指示水银洞金矿沉积—成岩后期轻微改造的成因机制。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。