洋西

Widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gardenia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry.

广泛分布的主要是热带乔木和灌木及草本植物科；包括咖啡和金鸡纳皮、栀子、洋西、篷子类植物和蔓虎刺之类。

Widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gard ia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry.

广泛 分布的主要是热带乔木和灌木及草本植物科；包括咖啡和金鸡纳皮、栀子、洋西、篷子类植物和蔓虎刺之类。

The eight major research topics are :①understanding coremantle processes, by deep drilling into a large oceanic plateau in the Western Pacific;②detailed investigation of material circulation during greenhouse Earth, and the transition process from greenhouse to icehouse environments, by drilling Cretaceous to Cenozoic sediments in the Pacific,③understanding the process of continental crust formation by deep drilling into oceanic arc,④Understanding the process of oceanic lithosphere formation by deep drilling of the back arc spreading system,⑤understanding of continentoceanatmosphere linkage, by drilling in the marginal seas and continental slopes of Asia,⑥investigation of the carbon cycle and the deep biosphere in accretionary prisms,⑦investigation of the mechanism and cycles of great earthquakes, tectonics, and mass circulation in convergent plate margins,and ⑧biology of extreme microorganisms living in deep accretionary prism environment.Keywords : Japan IODP Drilling Scientific goals.

其八项研究目标为：①钻探西太平洋洋底高原，认识核—幔作用过程；②钻探太平洋白垩纪—新生代沉积物，详细研究地球温室期间的物质循环及从温室环境到冰室环境的转化过程；③钻探大洋岛弧，认识大陆地壳形成过程；④钻探扩张的弧后，认识洋壳岩石圈形成过程；⑤钻探亚洲边缘海及陆坡，认识陆壳—洋壳—大气圈关系；⑥调查增生楔中的碳循环及深部生物圈；⑦调查汇聚板块边缘大地震周期及形成机制、构造及物质循环；⑧研究生活于增生楔环境中极端微生物生物学。

1:250000 geological mapping has further revealed the mysteries of the tectonics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Altun Mountains are not of the Tarim massif, but a part of the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling orogenic system; the Altun fault is a large transform fault; the Muztag-Maqên suture zone and Jinshajiang suture zone are both Variscan ones; the Songpan-Garzê area in the Triassic was a huge turbidite basin on the southern margin of Laurasia; the Gangdise belt underwent the important Indosinian orogenic movement; an ocean basin that persisted from the Paleozoic to Triassic did not exist, i.e. the so-called Paleo-Tethys or permanent Tethys was not in existence in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the Paleozoic, most parts of China, including the Sino-Korean, Yangtze and Tarim massifs and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, were located in south of the main ocean basin—the Central Asian-Mongolian sea way—of the Paleo-Asia ocean, belonging to the northern margin of Gondwana. The Yarlung Zangbo and Bangong -Nujiang belts were twins in the Tethyan Ocean, which began to develop into two ocean rift belts in the Triassic. The Tethyan Ocean with the Yarlung Zangbo belt as the main ocean basin belt began to be subducted in the Late Triassic and experienced a process of pulsatory plate convergence orogeny including the Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan stages.

1：25万地质填图进一步揭开了青藏高原地区大地构造的奥秘：阿尔金山是昆仑，祁连-秦岭造山系的一部分；阿尔金断裂确是一条大型转换断层；木孜塔格-玛沁缝合带和金沙江缝合带均是华力西缝合带；松潘甘孜三叠系沉积盆地是劳亚大陆南部边缘的浊积岩盆地；冈底斯带曾经历了重要的印支造山运动；不存在从古生代延续到三叠纪的大洋盆地，即不存在所谓古特提斯或永久特提斯；古生代时期，在青藏高原地区亦不存在具古生物，古地理分隔意义的大洋盆地，当时，包括中朝，扬子，塔里木以及青藏高原地区在内的中国大部分均位于古亚洲洋主洋盆——中亚-蒙古带之南，属冈瓦纳大陆结构复杂的北部边缘；雅鲁藏布江和班公湖-怒江带是特提斯洋中的孪生姊妹，它们均是从三叠纪起就发展成大洋裂谷带的；以雅鲁藏布江带为主洋盆带的特提斯洋，从三叠纪晚期开始消减，经历了印支，燕山，喜马拉雅3个阶段脉动式板块汇聚造山过程。

Upcoming 2008 performances include a recital in Carnegie Hall in New York City singing Brahms' Liebeslieder Walzer with James Levine and Daniel Barenboim, and V.Fleishman's Rothschild's Violin with James Conlon and the Juilliard Opera Center. In 2007, he sang Rossini's Stabat Mater with Antonio Pappano and the Santa Cecilia Orchestra in Rome.

最近，沈洋在英国伦敦获得2008 Borletti-Buitoni艺术家大奖。2008年，他将与音乐大师詹姆斯·列文和巴伦博伊姆在卡内基音乐厅合作勃拉姆斯的《情歌圆舞曲》；与指挥家詹姆斯·康隆和朱莉亚歌剧中心合作演出歌剧《罗斯查尔德的小提琴》。2007年，他曾与著名指挥家安东尼奥·帕帕诺和圣西西利亚交响乐团在罗马成功合作罗西尼的《圣母悼歌》。

The age of MORB-type metabasic volcanic rocks is(1462± 28) Ma using the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb method.The presence of MORB and IAT assemblages suggests the existence of an ocean basin in Yunkai area,Guangxi,southwestern South China Block during Grenvillian.They probably defined as a part of archipelagic ocean system before South China has formed unified Rodinia during the Grenvillian orogeny.Cathaysia block and Yangtze block have experienced continent-continent collision orogenics behind this ocean basin subducted,and have formed unified Rodinia.

MORB和 IAT组合的出现说明位于华南板块西南端的广西云开地区在 Grenville期可能存在过洋盆，它们很可能代表了 Grenville期造山作用形成统一的 Rodinia超级大陆以前的一个&多岛洋盆&系统，华夏古陆和扬子板块可能在该古洋盆于新元古代早期发生的全球性 Grenville期造山运动而发生消减消失后才开始碰撞和造山，形成统一的 Rodinia超级大陆。

The Caledonian granitoids,majorly distributed in the northern Qimatage mountain,showing geochemical characteristics of Cordilleran I-type grantiods,low-K high-Ca amphibole-bearing calc-alkaline granitoids or peralkaline and alkaline granitoids,and associated with an active continental margin or back-arc basin,indicated the existence of the Qimatage ocean-related limited subdu...

研究表明加里东晚期（430 ～370 Ma）花岗岩主要分布于祁漫塔格山北坡，具科迪勒拉I 型花岗岩或ACG、PAG 特征，代表活动大陆边缘或弧后盆地构造属性，加里东晚期祁漫塔格北坡至少存在洋壳的有限俯冲；华力西中期（320 Ma ±）发育伸展型富钾低铝钙碱性花岗岩，类似加里东I 型、CPG、KCG 花岗岩特征，广布于祁漫塔格山和求勉雷克山区，形成于碰撞后构造环境；华力西晚期（270 ～250 Ma）具科迪勒拉I型或ACG 特征，属活动大陆边缘构造环境，其形成与早二叠世特提斯洋的向北俯冲作用有关；印支—燕山期（220 ～160 Ma）具A2 型或富钾低钙钙碱性花岗岩，形成于碰撞后挤压向拉张转折过渡的构造环境。

In terms of structural characteristics and geochemistry of the granites in conjunction with previous studies, we interpret that the garnet-bearing gneissic granite was formed during the collision between the Tianshuihai terrane and the Southern Kunlun terrane following the closure of a branch of the paleo-Tethyan ocean along the Mazha-Kangxiwa suture zone, the block hornblende-bearing granite was formed during post-orogenic extension. On the other hand, the granites of ca.

根据两个岩体的构造特征，结合前人的研究及地球化学特征，表明含石榴子石片麻状花岗岩形成于同碰撞造山时期，是甜水海地体与西昆仑南带晚古生代岛弧沿麻扎-康西瓦缝合带碰撞峰期的产物，代表了沿麻扎-康西瓦分布的古特提斯洋一个分支的闭合，而228 Ma块状含角闪石花岗岩形成于碰撞造山后的伸展背景。220～190 Ma持续发育的花岗岩是南昆仑地体拼合到北昆仑地体之后在其南部形成的新的深成岩浆弧带。

Kalamaili suture zone is an important plate boundary in north Xinjiang, and there are plenty of Neopaleozoic volcanic rocks around itThese volcanic rocks are enriched in LILEs and relatively depleted in HFSEs, and they are also characterized by high Nb, Zr, TiO2 contents and Zr/Y, Nb/Y ratios, and depleted SrNd isotopesThe characteristics of these volcanic rocks suggest that they were produced in postcollisional periodThe postcollisional volcanic rocks around Kalamaili suture zone become younger from west to east, which indicates that this suture zone entered postcollisional period gradually from west to east, and reflects that the Kalamaili Ocean had been closed gradually from west to eastAs to the Kalamaili suture zone in postcollisional period, the lithosphere extended and thinned, and the asthenosphere materials upwelled and melted partially, and intensive mantle convection occurred, leading to a plenty of mantlederived magmas underplating the suture zoneThe lithospheric mantle metasomatized by fluid in subduction period melted partially under decompression and high temperature, the resulting melts contaminated the underplating asthenospheric materials, and the erupted lavas became the Neopaleozoic postcollisional volcanic rocks

卡拉麦里缝合带是北疆的一条重要界线，沿该带广泛发育晚古生代火山岩。这些火山岩具有LILE相对富集、HFSE相对亏损的特征，且具有较高的Nb、Zr、TiO2含量和Zr/Y、Nb/Y比值，SrNd同位素主要表现出亏损的特征。综合分析表明，这些火山岩形成于后碰撞期。对卡拉麦里缝合带而言，从西向东后碰撞火山岩的时代逐渐变新，表明该缝合带从西向东逐渐演化进入后碰撞期，这从侧面反映了卡拉麦里洋盆是从西向东逐渐关闭的。对卡拉麦里缝合带而言，在后碰撞期，岩石圈伸展减薄，软流圈地幔物质上涌并发生部分熔融，加上地幔对流作用强烈，使得缝合带下产生了大规模的幔源岩浆底垫；先前在洋壳消减期被流体交代提取过的岩石圈地幔也在低压高温下发生部分熔融，形成的熔体混染了底垫的软流圈物质并喷发，形成了晚古生代的后碰撞期火山岩。

The major mechanism of formation of the ophiolites and the podiform chromite diposits in the Western Zhungeer area includes partial melting of the primary pyrolite and differentiation of the melt-out materials after they intruded. The differences between the two ophiolite types are related to the degree of partial melting of the pyrolite and depth of formation of magma chambers as well as oxidation state of the magmas.

对西准噶尔地质条件的分析表明：西准噶尔的蛇绿岩与铬铁矿形成于弧后扩张盆地环境，洋壳形成阶段从晚寒武直至中泥盆统，而盆地沉积阶段则从中奥陶延续到中石炭；洋壳推覆时代不一致，在唐巴勒为早志留，玛依勒山为晚泥盆，达拉布特与和布克赛尔则晚于中石炭。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷