注水

Plumping packaged chicken helps even out the weight.

注水能够使包装好的每盒鸡肉的重量变得更加均衡。

Research on the influence of polysilicic nanometer material on core wettability and augmented injection found that the core treated by polysilicic nanometer material with proper size may chan...

聚硅纳米材料对岩心的润湿性影响和增注实验研究发现，采用合适的聚硅纳米材料处理岩心，能够改变岩石润湿性，可以较大幅度地提高岩心的渗透率，改善注水效果。

The results shows: the energy of elastici,disolved-gas drive and edge water drive in reservoir is plenty, but the physical properties of reservor are poor,crude oil viscosity is low and mobility is big, so it is difficult to develop by injecting waer.

对典型的特低渗超高压深层边水油藏文88块的开发方式进行了研究，研究表明：油藏弹性溶解气驱和边水驱能量较充足，油藏物性差、原油粘度低，流度较大，难以实现注水开发，而利用天然能量开发地质、工艺、经济上皆可行。

Micrographs show that composed microspheres have spheric and large number property, which can be injected in formation easily.

实验研究表明，微球具有良好的耐温性、耐矿化度特性和弹性变形能力，能在水中膨胀1~5倍；合成微球能在岩石孔隙中运移，使注入压力和阻力系数不断增加，后续注水后仍有很高的残余阻力系数；微球与聚合物溶液复合体系的阻力系数是纯聚合物驱时的8倍和水驱时的25倍左右，有加效效应和更高的提高波及体积能力。

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

Key words: waterflooded reservoir; unswept remaining oil; rich area

主题词：注水油藏；未波及；剩余油；富集区

This paper analyzes the oil and water well testing and sealed coring examination well data statistics and studies the producing mechanism of " untabulated reservoir " in the water flooding development process.

作为喇萨杏油田稳产潜力的重要组成部分———表外储层，在注水开发中动用程度一直是人们普遍关心的问题。

The generating reason,response characteristic and distributing rule of remaining oil was deeply studied aiming at water-flooded continental reservoir with characteristic of intense heterogeneity,high water-cut,low recovery efficiency,complex distributing rule of mobile remaining oil,intergrowth of major and untabulated formation . At the same time,a systemic method of evaluation and predicating remaining oil and pressure was put forward basing on the theory of development geology,seepage flow mechanics,fluid mechanics which resolved the hard technologic problem of predicting remaining oil and pressure.

本文针对陆相注水开发油藏具有非均质性强、含水率高、原油采收率低、可采剩余油分布复杂、主力产层和表外产层同时存在等特点，深入研究了剩余油的形成机理、响应特征和分布规律，应用开发地质学、渗流力学、流体力学和地质统计学理论，将静态地质数据和动态开发数据相结合，综合现有的与剩余油及压力分布有关的所有资料，提出了一套系统的评价和预测剩余油及压力的方法，较好地解决了目前剩余油与压力评价和预测中的技术难题。

The remaining oil research results of Xing1-3 region showed: although secondary and part tertiary infilling wells were drilled, the recovery percent of reserves of the untabulated reservoir can't reach anticipative index.

杏1-3区表外储层剩余油研究结果表明，该区块虽然经过二次加密和局部三次加密，但目前注水开发方式下表外储层动用程度仍然较差，存在大量剩余油。

Possess oil field matter divergence and inner place the straturm spear and shield andcontradictorily fully stress between the straturm Pours water into in the process single tier advances suddenly and the tongue that to move forward the appearance fully obvious ,cause emptying into water to carry forward ununiformly .

有油田物性差异、层内矛盾、层间矛盾十分突出，注水过程中的单层突进和舌进现象十分明显，导致注入水推进不均匀。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。