泥灰岩

The grainstone is overlain by a thin layer of packstone of small bivalves.

此层以上是青灰色的薄板状的泥质灰泥岩，舍丰富的0.3～3mm 大小的、内部重结晶的同生角砾。

The Quaternary outwash, characterized by the dripstone bounded by the gray and yellow shale and mudstone, is discovered in the Mang'ai depression of Qaidam basin.

柴达木盆地西部的茫崖坳陷发育了第四纪湖泊冰水沉积，其特征是灰绿、黄褐色页岩和泥岩中含大量的冰水滴石。

To No. 20 are respectively black mudstone, black mudstone ( Caitun mining area of Benxi Basin,Paleozoic), dark grey gangue (Caitun mining area of Benxi Basin, Paleozoic), brown shale(Caitun mining area of Benxi Basin, Paleozoic), brown grey shale(The West Opencut Coal Mine of Fushun Basin, Cenozoic), grey silty mudstone(Haizhou Opencut Coal Mine of Fuxin Basin, Mesozoic), black grey gangue(Haizhou Opencut Coal Mine of Fuxin Basin, Mesozoic), grey yellow clay(Jianping County, Chaoyang City, its era to be determined), grey silicon slate( Qianshan Mountain of Anshan City, pre-Paleozoic), grey phyllite(Qianshan Mountain of Anshan City, pre-Paleozoic), granite-gneiss(Qianshan Mountain of Anshan City, pre-Paleozoic), granite(Mount Yiwulu, its era to be determined), diorite(Mount Yiwulu, its era to be determined), black basalt(The West Opencut Coal Mine of Fushun Basin, Cenozoic), dark purple andesite( Mount Guiyunhua of Zhuanghe City, Mesozoic), fragment of brick-tile-pottery-porcelain( from the building site of Panjin City), coal cinder( from the boiler room of Heji Road of Panjin City), cement( from the building site of Panjin City) and slag (from Bohai Stockroom of Liaohe Oilfield produced in Anshan City).

2-20号样品分别是黑色泥岩、黑色泥岩、深灰色煤矸石、褐色页岩、褐灰色油页岩、灰色粉砂质泥岩(阜新海州露天矿、中生代)、黑灰色煤矸石(阜新海州露天矿、中生代)、灰黄色膨润土、灰色硅质板岩、灰色千枚岩、花岗片麻岩、花岗岩、闪长岩、黑色玄武岩、暗紫色安山岩、砖瓦陶瓷碎片、粉煤灰、水泥、矿渣(鞍山产、取自辽河油田渤海库)，这19个样品用来代表工业、采矿、冶炼、建筑等行业产生的固体废弃物。

Le Dracula is the main group for the ash, glaucum, purplish red basalt and andesite, fine-grained tuff, crystal-tuff debris, ash-tuff, tuffaceous siltstone, tuffaceous silty mudstone uneven beds, rocks folder jasper , Ansan porphyrite and long-sandstone and siltstone.

太勒古拉组主要为灰、灰绿、紫红色玄武岩、安山岩、细粒凝灰岩、晶屑沉凝灰岩、火山灰沉凝灰岩、凝灰质粉砂岩、凝灰质粉砂质泥岩不均匀互层，夹碧玉岩、安山玢岩及长石砂岩、粉砂岩。

Silicalites, predominated by pelitic silicalite, occur in collisional zones and back-arc basins. In the collisional zones, they occur as rock sheet as an important part ofophiolitic mé lange, belonging to ophiolitic mélange type silicalite. In the back-arc or interarc basin, they occur as pelitic silicalite intercalation varying in thickness, characteristic of "silica merl",and belonging to abyssal back-arc basin type or carbonate type silicalite. In the magmatic arc, they occur as intercalation related to volcanic hydrotherm or volcalic exhalation, belonging to volcanic arc type silicalite.

在硅质岩方面：冈底斯构造带侏罗系硅质岩主要属泥质硅质岩，在各个碰撞结合带和弧后盆地中均有产出，主要的产出状态有：①在碰撞结合带中呈岩块产出，构成蛇绿混杂岩的重要组成部分，属蛇绿混杂岩型硅质岩；②在弧后或弧间盆地中呈厚度不等的泥质硅质岩夹层产出，常具&硅灰泥&特征，属弧后深水盆地型硅质岩；③呈夹层状产于弧火山岩系中，属火山热液或火山喷气型硅质岩。

Bao ancient group plans for a major deep-sea - half of the deep gray and gray-black TLC tuffaceous siltstone, shale tuffaceous, with gray green, with thin gray-tuff interbedded uneven.

包古图组主要为一套深海―半深海相的灰、灰黑色薄层状凝灰质粉砂岩、凝灰质泥岩，与灰绿色、灰色薄层状沉凝灰岩不均匀互层。

Bao ancient group plans for a major deep-sea - a half deep in the ash, black ash-like TLC tuffaceous siltstone, shale tuffaceous, with gray green, with thin gray-tuff interbedded uneven.

包古图组主要为一套深海―半深海相的灰、灰黑色薄层状凝灰质粉砂岩、凝灰质泥岩，与灰绿色、灰色薄层状沉凝灰岩不均匀互层。

Reefs, reef-mounds and lime mud mounds are all carbonate buildups, and the reefs and banks are important targets for petroleum exploration The reefs, banks and mounds should be divided from each other not only in theory, but also in exploration practice, because of so many differences in sedimentary compositions, fabrics, environments, distribution in time and space, and the characteristics of petroleum geology If the original reef or bank itself was fine reservoir rocks, then it would become a better reservoir after the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The formation of a high quality carbonate reservoir is controlled by two factors: the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The first is the basis for the formation of a high quality reservoir, and with the high energy reefbank facies as the best; the latter includes the cataclasis, the dolomitization and the karstification The dolomitization and karstification are the best for the formation of a high quality reservoir The karstification has the widest distribution, profoundest effect, and plays a vital role in the high quality reservoir forming The karst types are quite rich in the limestone reef or bank reservoir, including synsedimentary karst, penesedimentary karst, supergene karst and hydrothermal karst, and so does the dolomitization reef or bank reservoir The formation mechanism of synsedimentary karst and penesedimentary karst is related to the short time exposing and leaching of the cyclical highfrequency shallowupward sequence when the reefs or banks are forming The supergene karst is controlled by the exposing and leaching of tertiary cyclic sequence type I interface after the reefs or banks forming Thus, there developed a great deal of secondary corrosion pores, corrosion fractures and huge caves besides some original pores remained in the reef and bank reservoir Scarcely there are any original effective pores in reefmounds and lime mud mounds, especially in senkes among mounds, but secondary pores could be formed by karstification, and there would likely develop source rocks with high organic abundance

礁、礁丘、丘同属碳酸盐建隆，礁、滩是重要勘探目的层。但各自在沉积组分、组构、环境和时空分布，以及油气地质条件上迥然不同，因而无论从理论还是勘探实践上，都有必要将其各成体系划分开来。礁滩自身为好储集岩，当建设性成岩作用叠加后可形成好的储层。碳酸盐岩优质储层形成，主要受沉积微相与建设性成岩作用两大因素控制。前者是基础，并以高能的礁滩相带为最好；后者主要包括破裂、白云石化和溶蚀三大类，并以白云石化或溶蚀为最优，其中的溶蚀分布最广泛、影响最深刻而对优质储层形成起决定性作用。礁滩储层中的古岩溶类型最为丰富多彩，包括同生期、准同生期、表生期和埋藏期热流体岩溶的所有类型，白云岩化礁滩体也不例外。其中，同生准同生期岩溶的形成机制与礁滩沉积时高频层序旋回向上变浅序列的短暂暴露淋溶有关，表生期岩溶则受控于礁滩沉积后三级层序旋回Ⅰ型界面的暴露淋溶。由此，导致礁滩储层中除了可以也是唯一保存原生孔隙外，还发育了次生溶蚀孔洞缝和大型溶洞。礁丘、灰泥丘尤其是丘间洼地中发育高有机质丰度烃源岩；它们自身没有有效的原生孔隙，但岩溶作用可以形成次生孔隙。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。