泥灰岩

TheJiyang depression located in paleomonsoon climate zone in the period of the sahejieformation sedimentation, the wet and hot climate made ancient lake become deeperwater, enhanced stratification, reduced primary productivity of plankton, decreasingsedimentary velocity of carbonate, increasing sedimentary velocity of clay, fortifiedreductibility on certain degree, and then would be available for development of blackshale, dark shale and oil shale; In the contrast, the cold and dry climate lead ancientlake to shallower water, subdued stratification, increaser primary productivity ofplankton, enhancive sedimentary velocity of aphanitic carbonate, decreasedsedimentary velocity of clay, and then would be available for development calciteshale, calcite laminar shale, calcite mudstone, shaly carbonate rock, even laminarcarbonate or dolomite rock.

济阳坳陷在古近系沙河街组沉积期属于古季风气候带，在湿热的气候条件下古湖水加深，分层性增强，浮游生物的古生产力降低，隐晶碳酸盐的沉淀速率变小，粘土沉积速率加快，还原性一定程度上有所加强，有利于黑页岩、油页岩和暗色泥岩的形成：而相对干冷气候下，古湖水变浅，分层性减弱，浮游生物的古生产力增高，隐晶碳酸盐的沉积速率变大，粘土的沉积速率减慢，有利于钙质页岩、钙质纹层页岩、钙质泥岩、泥灰岩甚至纹层状碳酸盐岩、灰岩的发育。

In this area seven microfacies in the Chuangde Fm. red beds can be separated. They are: 1 reddish foraminifera grainstone; 2 reddish microfossils packstone/wackestone; 3 reddish marlstone with microfossils; 4 reddish marlstone; 5 red to variegated floatstone ; 6 reddish shales; 7 reddish radiolarite/ radiolarian chert.In the Yamudok Cuo area, it can be distinguished six microfacies in the redbeds including 1 reddish foraminifera grainstone; 2 reddish microfossils marlstone; 3 reddish shales; 4 yellow-grayish floatstone ; 5 reddish radiolarian chert; 6 reddish chert with radiolaria. The depositional environment of the Chuangde formation can be interpreted from sediments composition, as is deep oceanic basin adjacent to continental slope/rise. The slope/rise setting is indicated by the occurrence of olistoliths and slumped pelagic/hemipelagic limestone, present near the top of the Chuangde Fm.

进一步资料对比研究表明，全球上白垩统海相红层具有以下特征：a上白垩统红层出现在北大西洋、阿尔卑斯、喀尔巴阡、土耳其，向东一直到特提斯喜马拉雅地区和澳大利亚西北角的Exmouth海底高原，横贯整个特提斯和北大西洋；b沉积环境以外陆棚-斜坡和盆地为主，在斜坡环境下多发育有浊流沉积，如Scaglia Rossa和Nietrental组；c有机碳含量普遍很低，0～0.3％之间；d盆地相仅发育红色泥质岩，而斜坡和远洋环境下不仅发育红色页岩，同时还有红色泥灰岩、红色灰岩和红色硅质岩；e北大西洋和地中海地区在Cenomanian-Turonian界线黑色页岩之后不久的Turonian早期就出现红色沉积，而藏南出现在Santonian早期，Exmouth出现在Campanian早期，红层出现似乎有"西早东晚"的趋势。

The findings indicate that there are many micro-crannies developed in marlite, which can be seen under the Scanning Electron Microscope. The micro-crannies are the precondition of karstification process. Also, the calcium carbonate is dissolved through some chemical processes, and lots of mineral mud are carried away by mechanic erosion. The karstification process results in not only mineral component transformation, but also the rock mass structure alterations.

结果表明：微观下泥灰岩岩石中发育许多微小的裂隙，为溶蚀作用的进行提供了前提条件，另外泥灰岩中大量的泥质物随可溶岩的化学溶蚀过程发生了机械侵蚀作用：泥灰岩的溶蚀作用一方面引起矿物成分发生改变，另一方面导致岩石结构的变化。

Based on the dual pore structure model and analysis of the marlite reservoir response characters of Shulu basin,establishes the optimum log criteria for marlite reservoir evaluation,points out the limitation of conventional log data,and determines the reservoir evaluation standards.

以双重孔隙解释模型为基础，通过对束鹿凹陷泥灰岩储层特征和测井响应特征的分析，在现有测井资料基础上探讨泥灰岩地层中测井系列优选原则，指出常规测井资料的不足和局限性，确立了泥灰岩储层评价标准。

I combined the large amount of the materials of outcrop and section, the thin section, the dominated primary MT carbonates exited in micrite, marlite, calcilutite of slope and continental shelf margin.

通过野外和室内薄片观测，原生的MT主要赋存于克拉通盆地碳酸盐岩台地斜坡的泥晶灰岩、粉屑灰岩、泥灰岩、钙质泥岩中，其次是这些岩石的过渡类型。

The oil shale of this area have four types, including mudstone, calcareous mudstone containing silty band, marlite and shale, and the former two are main types. The recoverable oil shale composed of 50% low-grade, 42% middle-grade and 8% highgrade oil shale. All of them are high-ash oil shale.

油页岩类型有泥岩、具粉砂质条带的含钙-钙质泥岩、泥灰岩和页岩4种类型，以前两者为主；低品级油页岩体积分数为50％，中品级油页岩体积分数为42％，高品级油页岩体积分数为8％，均属高灰分油页岩。

Thermal simulation experiments has carried out on mudstone,marlite and limestone,three kinds of typical Ordovician source rock samples,from foreland basin of western Ordos,not only revealed the evolve process and characteristics of hydrocarbon generation indoors but also provided important parameter for calculation the amount of hydrocarbon generation in this region.

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系3类代表性的烃源岩即泥岩、泥灰岩和灰岩进行热模拟试验，不仅在室内再现了各类岩样的生烃演化过程及特点，而且为该地区生烃量计算提供了重要依据。试验结果表明，泥岩的生烃能力最强，最终产气率达527 m3/tTOC，泥灰岩次之，最终产气率为512m3/tTOC，纯灰岩最差，最终产气率仅267 m3/tTOC；气态烃的产出与热成熟度密切相关，较高的热演化程度对气态烃的生成是有利的。

Within these thirdorder sequences, there are many subtidal carbonate cycles that are made up of both the mediumto thinbedded aphanitic micrites and the thinbedded marls in the transgressive and the early highstand system tracts, and many grotesque sedimentary structures are developed in the bedding planes of aphanitic micrites.

在这些三级层序的海侵体系域和早期高水位体系域中，中薄层隐晶质泥晶灰岩和灰黑色薄层泥灰岩组成若干潮下型米级旋回；而在隐晶质泥晶灰岩层面上，普遍发育各种奇形怪状的沉积构造。

Six rock types（mudstone, dolostone, marl, limestone, ostracode limestone and volcanic ash）comprise the sedimentary strata.

青一段识别出6种岩石类型(泥岩、白云岩、泥灰岩、重结晶灰岩、介形虫灰岩和火山灰)。

The Eogene in Jiyang depression developed various of lacustrine shale, mudstoneand shaly carbonate rock, such as black shale, laminar shale riched in organic matter,calcite laminar shale, calcite shale, mud shale , laminar carbonate rock, and calcareous,silty, dolomitic, carbonaceous mudstone with the colour varied from gray-black topurple-red.

济阳坳陷古近系发育多种湖相泥岩、页岩和泥灰岩，包括黑页岩、富有机质纹层页岩、钙质纹层页岩、灰色钙质页岩、灰色页岩、纹层状泥灰岩以及从灰黑到紫红的各种颜色的钙质、云质、碳质和粉砂质泥岩。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。