泥流

Aiming at this problem, we have carried out an experiment on seepage properties for mudstone and argillaceous rock, showed the test result, and analyzed the reason why both the β-factor and the acceleration coefficient are negative. In addition, mistakes often made by some researchers about positive or negative signs before the non-Darcy β-factor were pointed out.

指出一些文献在引用Forchheimer关系时出现的非Darcy流β因子前正负号的错误，给出了非Darcy流β因子和加速度系数出现负值的泥岩和砂质泥岩试样全应力－应变过程中渗透特性试验结果，并对其原因进行了粗浅的分析。

Effected by provenance from the depression northeast and the north, sandstones shaped as semicircle,are distributed in the depression northeast ,and then mudstone and silty argillite as its transition to the southwest. The sequence is classified into two types: alluvial fan-braided river sequence, which was formed by the strong tectonic movement in the lower Jurassic, lake-delta-meander river sequence that generated in the middle and upper Jurassic.

由于受凹陷东北部及北部双向物源的影响，砂岩呈半环状分布于凹陷的东北部，向西南部过渡为泥岩、粉砂质泥岩，研究中把层序结构分两种类型：既早侏罗世强烈构造运动形成的冲积扇-辫状河形的砂泥岩碎屑层序、中晚侏罗世形成的湖泊-三角洲-曲流河形的砂泥岩碎屑层序。

A process for treating the sludge generated by alumina sewage treating system incldues such steps as pumping the alumina sewage in sand depositing pool then in depositing pool, mixing the bottom sludge, the sewage from sand-water separator, and the regenerated water from filter to obtain backflush water, heating in desilicating heater, washing the secondary red mud to recover Na2O and Al2O3, anjd returning the washing liquid containing Na2O and Al2O3 back to the flow of production of alumina.

本发明公开了一种氧化铝废水处理系统的污泥处置新工艺，它将氧化铝废水先进入沉砂池中进行沉砂处理后才进入沉淀池中，将虹吸泥机从沉淀池中吸出的底流污泥和砂水分离器分离出的污水以及将部分经过滤器过滤后所得的再生水作为反冲洗水一起通过污泥泵送到脱硅加热器中加热得污泥热水，然后将污泥热水用于二赤泥洗涤沉降，以回收赤泥附着的Na2O和Al2O3，将洗涤赤泥后含有Na2O和Al2O3的洗液送到氧化铝生产流程中重新使用。

Hybrids of carbonate and terrigenous sediments Carbonate with terrigenous sediments are of characteristic from Emsian to Eifelian in stable shallow-sea faciesregion in Longmenshan area, and they can be classified evidently into hybrid Ⅰ and hybrid Ⅱ(Jingbaoshi-type). Type Ⅰ produced in mud shelf setting occupied hundreds of tempestite beds in which bottom cast、 hummocky cross bedding sandstones、 coquina were inter-beddded with shales that beared a great deal of verm traces、 bioturbations、 benthic communities dominative of brachiopods. Type Ⅱ in sand-mud-marl shelf was characterized by high-energy foreshore sandbeach facies and shelly bank facies.

碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积方面对微相、相特征、旋回样式、沉积机理研究表明，龙门山地区泥盆纪稳定浅海相区Emsian期和Eifelian期混合沉积十分发育，颇具特色，明显可以划分为两种类型：混积Ⅰ型，泥质陆棚背景下发育风暴沉积组构，幕式风暴期产生具丘状层理、底流冲刷构造的钙质砂岩、介壳岩，平息期则形成具大量虫管和生物扰动的深灰色、黄绿色页岩及海百合茎灰岩，腕足动物等大量繁盛；混积Ⅱ型，砂泥灰质陆棚背景下以发育高能前滨沙滩及生物介屑滩为特色，近滨至陆棚的砂泥灰互为混合，三者比例接近，肉眼难以区别确切岩石类型。

There are three kinds of fluid muds according to the dynamic conditions. The first one was formed at slack water during flood and ebb tides with a large scale but small thickness. The second was formed at area of grows saltwater wedge with small scale and thick depth.

在成因类型上分为憩流浮泥、盐水楔浮泥和风暴潮浮泥，第1种在涨或落潮转流期低流时形成，规模大，厚度薄；第2种在盐水楔发育时形成，规模较小，厚度较大；第3种在大风后形成，规模大，范围广；若三者相遇，则浮泥厚度和范围最大。

There are three features in the minibasins induced by gravitational sliding on the slope: the firstly, feature is surface of unconformity developed by onlap on minibasin margins or surface of unconformity truncated by mass transport-complex are sequence boundary in the study area; the secondly , accommodation of gravity flow is controlled by up lift rate and sedimentation rate , and styles of filling in the minibasins are dominated by the interrelationship between the two factors; and the third , there are two stacking patterns that consists of upward of turbidite fan-hemipelagic drape mud or mass-transport complexes-turbidite fan-hemipelagic drape mud.

认为在深水陆坡重力滑动作用所形成的微盆地内，层序边界表现为微盆地边缘上超不整合面或重力流对下伏地层的侵蚀不整合；逆冲构造隆升速率与沉积速率共同控制了重力流可容空间和沉积充填样式；沉积垂向演化以块状搬运复合体一浊积扇－深海披覆泥或浊积扇－深海披覆泥为特征。

According to the analysis of features of the key outcrop sequence stratigraphy, build the sequence frame, through the section comparison, and the study of feature of the 5 key outcrops, then it can be concluded that, conglomerate on the denudation plane or the other contrastive sediment are the main features surrounding the bottom border of the sequence. In the foreland basin sediment environment, the transilient group of mud rock and sandstone are the main sediment features of low-stand system tract. Thick mud rock and sandstone interbedded is the chief component of transgressive system tract, sometimes together with thick turbidity current sandstone; High-stand system tract is composed by the combination of mud rock and sandstone interbedded, with the progradation as its main style. Maximum flooding surface Sediment are usually mudstone, and the thickness is different from each other.

依据关键露头剖面高精度层序特征分析，通过剖面对比建立高精度等时层序地层格架，通过对5条关键露头剖面的详细高精度层序特征分析，认识到：剥蚀面上的粗碎屑岩或与之可区域对比的其它沉积是层序底部边界附近的主要沉积特征；在盆地沉积环境中，砂泥岩发育，厚层、块状砂岩与泥质岩类的突变组合是低位体系域的主要沉积特征；湖进体系域以厚层泥岩夹砂岩为主，有时夹厚度较大的重力流砂体；高位体系域为砂泥互层沉积组合，以进积式叠加样式为主；最大湖泛面多为泥岩，但其厚薄不一。

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

Three schemes of dealing with AH wash liq uor of high soda concentration were analyzed and compared. The results show th at when the AH wash liquor of total soda concentration 95.06g/L is transferred d irectly to dilution tank, soda concentration in overflow of the 1st mud washer c ould be lowered by about 6g/L and soda loss in red mud attached liquor could be lo we red by 0.25 kg Na2O per ton of alumina and therefore saving cost of about 549 000 RMB per year; moreover, suspension in AH wash liquor could be re-dissolved in to diluted liquor and it is favor not only to rise pregnant liquor R p andimprove precipitation process, but also to avoid alumina loss cost of about 353?000 RMB per year by the suspension settling into red mud.

分析比较了处理高浓度氢氧化铝洗液的3种方案，结果表明：将全碱浓度为95.06g/L的氢氧化铝洗液直接送到稀释槽，可使赤泥一洗槽溢流浓度降低约6g/L ，每吨氧化铝赤泥附碱损失减小0.25kg氧化钠，每年可节省碱耗费约54.9万元；而且还能将氢氧化铝洗液中的浮游物反溶解进入稀释液，有利于精液 R p(氧化铝与苛性氧化钠的质量比)的提高，同时避免了其进入赤泥而被损失，每年可减少氧化铝损失费约35.3万元。

The town of Herculaneum, about two miles away, was deeply covered by a stream of mud.

两英里外的赫库兰尼姆城北一道泥流深深埋住。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失