波的传播

The linear theory of antisymmetric ducted gravity waves supported by mesospheric thermal duct is presented, propagation and evolution of gravity wave packets in thermal duct is also simulated by using a nonlinear two-dimensional model. Numerical results show that lower atmospheric wave disturbance can penetrate into the duct area and be trapped.

给出了重力波在中层大气温度波导中的反对称形式导制传播的线性理论模型，并采用二维非线性的数值模型对重力波波包在中层大气温度波导中的传播和演变过程进行了模拟研究。

The stable wave-field propagators of one-way wave equation for Born and Rytov approximations are derived by using the local Born and local Rytov approximation methods in the scatter theory of wave-field propagation, and their application effects in prestack depth migration imaging of wave equation are compared theor...

利用波场传播散射理论中的局部Born近似和局部Rytov近似，分别导出了单程波方程的稳定的Born近似波场传播算子和稳定的Rytov近似波场传播算子，然后从理论和实践上比较了它们在地震数据波动方程叠前深度偏移成像中的应用效果。

At the same time, combining with the actual condition of delivery pipeline of our country and some prevalent leak detection and location methods, this paper raised a method, which is based on wavelet analysis and negative- pressure-wave to detect and locate the leakage. Jobs in the paper are as follows:As affected by gas density, pressure, specific heat and pipe material, the velocity of negative-pressure-wave improved depending on the energy conservation. At one time, taking the affection of velocity of gas flow, the location formula was modified in some degree.When locating the leaks with location formula, the iterative approach algorithm was adopted as a new method to increase the location accuracy level of system.Multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform is utilized to filter the noise of negative-pressure-wave, which was brought by leakage. With the capacity to detect the signal singularity fast and accurately, wavelet transform was used to catch the break point of pressure signal. The work improved the accuracy of At in location formula, accordingly improved the location accuracy.Wavelet is a suitable tool for signal analysis. The distinct character is that the mother-wavelet is of optional. That means choosing different mother-wavelet will get different analysis result. So we studied how to choose mother-wavelet and its scale for signal singularity detection. The method is to choose a wavelet by regularities of the wavelet and the signal.Finally, a plan, which bases on SCADA system for inspection and detection of natural gas leakage, is proposed in the article.

其中，主要进行了以下几方面的工作：针对泄漏产生的负压波在管道中的传播速度受媒介的密度、压力、比热及材质等因素的影响，而非声波在空气中传播的速度，本文利用能量守恒原理，对其进行了修正；考虑到管内气体流速对压力波速的影响，对原始的负压波定位公式进行了一定程度的改进，并在利用定位公式进行泄漏点定位时采用逐步迭代逼近算法，提高了系统的定位精度；利用小波变换的多分辨率分解和重构技术，对采集到的管道发生泄漏时产生的负压波信号进行了降噪处理；并利用小波变换技术对信号奇异点的快速、准确的识别能力，对经上述消噪后的负压波信号进行了奇异点捕捉，精确捕捉的结果提高了定位公式中上下游站点采集到的负压波奇异点的时间差△t的精度，从而进一步提高了定位的精度；考虑到小波变换是一种基波可变的信号分析工具，也就是说，不同的小波基波对信号分析的结果将有很大差别，这势必影响最终的处理结果，因此，我们又对比分析了本课题中小波基及尺度的选择问题，依据规则性系数相似性原理对母小波的选择进行了探索性研究；最后，还提出了基于SCADA的泄漏检测与定位系统的软件开发构想及系统的嵌入方案。

In addition, Snell's law is applied, and traveltimes of waves from neighboring nodes are considered at the same time to determine the effective propagation area of the current secondary source.

在子波传播的计算上，利用斯奈尔定律，同时参考来自邻近节点的波的走时，来限定当前子波传播的有效区域，排除大量不需要计算的子波传播方向。

In addition, Snell's law is applied, and traveltimes of waves from neighboring nodes are considered at the same time to determine the effective propagation area of the current secondary source. Thus, many unnecessary propagation directions are excluded.

在子波传播的计算上，利用斯奈尔定律，同时参考来自邻近节点的波的走时，来限定当前子波传播的有效区域，排除大量不需要计算的子波传播方向。

In order to verify the prediction efficiency, 27 interplanetary shock events from January 1979 to June 1982 and 68 interplanetary shock events from February 1997 to January 2000 are used for testing. Comparing the results of our disturbance model to those obtained by STOA and ISPM, we find that our disturbance model is as good as the other two models, and in some cases even better.

为印证扰动传播模型的适用性，利用79年到82年间的27个激波事件，以及97年2月到2000年1月间的68个激波事件，对激波到达地球轨道附近的传播时间进行了预测，并将结果与目前流行的行星际激波事件到达地球轨道时间的STOA和ISPM预报模型所得结果进行了比较。

Research results show that when the frequency of excitation signal is within 10kHz to 100kHz the wave in free bolt and grouted rockbolt is guided wave which is related to its boundary conditions. Waves with different frequencies have different velocities.

研究结果显示在测试激发波的频率范围内(10~100 kHz)，锚杆中传播的波是一个和边界条件相关的导波，不同频率的波在锚杆中传播的速度不同。

The different types of energy waves shake the ground in different ways and also travel through the earth at different velocities.

接着到达指定位置的是S波，它的传播速度比P波要慢，S波垂直于它传播方向上下前后震动地面。

Based on basic theory of elastic wave propagation, wave equation forpropagation of elastic wave in 2 dimension vertical inhomogeneous mediumof similar concrete cutoff wall model is developed. 2 dimension elastic sheetof concrete cutoff wall is established to research law and energy distributionrelations between propagation, attenuation, reflection and transmission ofelastic wave in concrete cutoff wall; Based on the concept of resolution, thecontent of vertical reflection method used to inspect concrete cutoff wallresolution is raised and factors will have influences on resolution are analyzed,expression of defective layer composite reflection factor and detectabledefective layer maximum thickness are developed; Relations between allsteps of sampling system of vertical reflection are build, the influence ofcentrum characteristics and receiving sensor on testing results are analyzed,therefore parameter requirements for testing instrument and parameter selection principle of collected parameters are raised.

2从弹性波传播的基本理论研究出发，推导了弹性波在类似混凝土防渗墙模型的二维垂向不均匀介质中传播的波动方程式；建立了混凝土防渗墙二维弹性薄板模型，研究弹性波在混凝土防渗墙中的传播、衰减、反射、透射规律及能量分配关系；从分辨率的概念出发，提出了垂直反射法检测混凝土防渗墙分辨率的内涵，对影响分辨率的因素进行了分析，推导出了缺陷层复合反射系数、可检测缺陷层极限厚度的表达式；建立了垂直反射法采样系统各环节之间的关系，研究分析了震源特性、接收传感器对测试结果的影响，提出了对测试仪器参数的要求及采集参数的选择原则。

It was clear that the Cherenkov radiation is result of the coupling between the slow TM mode propagated along the waveguide and the negative-energy space-charge mode propagated along the beam, and the coupling strength is proportional to the beam density.

分析结果表明：切伦科夫辐射是由沿介质同轴波导传播的慢波与沿薄环形相对论电子注传播的负能空间电荷波耦合所致，且其耦合强度与电子注的密度成正比；输出频率和波增长率随着填充等离子体密度的增大而提高；保持一定的输出频率，增大电子注的束流可得到高的微波输出功率。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。