波动的

Correctional checking formula of melt flow ratio in injection molding was obtained by introducing a correction coefficient β which reflected the complexity degree of mold cavity. The results show that, the maximum flow ratio of 486 can be obtained when injection pressure ranges from 150 MPa to 160 MPa in Archimedes spiral mold for PP, while maximum flow ratio of 419 can be obtained when injection pressure ranges from 160 MPa to 170 MPa for PE. There is a local fluctuation phenomenon for flow ratio and corresponding injection rate in square spiral mold when injection pressure of 100, 120 and 150 MPa for PP and 130, 140 MPa for PE are reached respectively,and this phenomenon is more serious for good fluidity of melt. The average flow ratio in Archimedes spiral mold is 6% larger than that in square spiral mold for PP, and 4% for PE, the average flow ratio of PP is 19% bigger than PE in Archimedes spiral mold, and 15% in square spiral mold. The influence of the cavity profiles on the melt flow ratio is more significant for good fluidity of melt.

研究结果表明：在阿基米德螺旋线模具中，PP在注射压力为150~160 MPa时取得最大流动比485，PE在注射压力为160~170 MPa时取得最大流动比419；在方形螺旋线模具中，PP在注射压力为100，120和150 MPa，PE在注射压力为130和140 MPa时流动比及所对应的注射速率出现波动，且流动性好的熔体波动更为严重；PP在阿基米德螺旋线模具中的流动比均值较其在方形螺旋线模具中大6%，而PE大4%；在阿基米德螺旋线模具中流动比均值PP比PE的流动比均值大19%，而在方形螺旋线模具中PP的流动比均值比PE的大15%；流动性好的熔体受模具型腔轮廓特征影响大。

Spectral element methods for partial differencial equation is introduced in this study from viewpoint of the collocation approximation of Chebyshev polynomial. Wave Equation and its space discretization are deduced. Two time integral methods, central difference method and implicit Newmark method, are introduced, and their stability and applicability are also discussed in some details. The significance of absorbing boundary conditions in spectral element methods for Aeroacoustics is explained, and Clayton-Engquist-Majda absorbing boundary conditions is emphasized and introduced, then the discrete scheme of this boundary conditions is deduced and applied to spectral element methods for wave equation.

本文从Chebyshev多项式逼近理论出发，详细介绍了谱元方法求解偏微分方程的过程；推导了流体中的声波动方程并在空间上对其进行了谱元离散；详细讨论了两种时间积分方法──中心差分法和Newmark方法，分析了它们的稳定性条件，并从理论上对比了两种方法的优缺点和适用范围；将吸收边界条件推广应用于谱元方法求解气动声学问题中，重点介绍了Clayton-Engquist-Majda吸收边界条件的原理和公式，推导了该吸收边界条件的变分形式，并将其引入波动方程的离散形式中。

The theory of high-strain dynamic testing of pile bearing capacity. The basic calculation expression of pile high-strain dynamic testing is rederived in a simple way, especially the semi-empirical analytical expression of wave equation . Besides, theoretically it has been proved that it's not necessary to have identic section hypotaxis along pile, and the application condition and reasonable operation have been pointed out. the CASE comprehensive method is suggested to replace the traditional CASE method. author has made a lot of improvement for the mathematical model of the matching analysis measured curves in the business software CCWAPC and scientific research software JXWAPC of which the author is in charge.

关于高应变动力试桩法的理论研究以简明方式重新推导了高应变动力试桩法基本计算表达式，尤其波动方程半经验解析表达式，同时从理论上证明了CASE法并不需要桩身等截面假设，亦指出了该方法的适用条件及合理使用办法，并建议利用CASE综合分析法取代传统的CASE分析法；作者在其负责编制的商业软件CCWAPC及科研软件JXWAPC中，对波动方程拟合分析法数理模型进行了一系列重大改进，考虑了灌注桩桩周土体的变形特性和动荷截作用下的非线性效应、大直径桩的横向惯性效应。

The precondition and principal part of option and option trade in electricity market is expatiated in this paper,the classification and relationship among those option trades are declaimed,the applications of option tools in electricity market is also enumerated.How ...

价格的过度波动容易造成市场的不稳定及系统运行安全的隐患，如何使整个电力市场的运行建立在长期价格信号和理性交易之上，避免因市场参与者的盲目和短期行为造成电力价格过度波动，已经

The results presented in this paper show that aggregating trades with positive and negative price changes obfuscates analysis of the role of different sized trades on cumulative price changes. By disaggregating up-tick and down-tick trades, we find that small trades make a greater contribution to cumulative price changes than any other trade category.

然而，先前的研究都是总合正和负的股价波动，这个方式对於隐藏性交易的影响难以理解，所以本研究分别将股价变动分为正和负两种，其实证结果发现，不论是up-tick或者是down-tick均是小额交易所造成的累计股价波动相对来的大。

In view of the peaked and fat-tailed characteristics of financial return data distribution and its effect of clustering fluctuation and especially the "leverage effect" of fluctuation on VaR estimates and some efficiencies when estimating VaR with various assumptions of return data distribution,a semi-parameter approach based on EGARCH-VaR model is developed.

证券风险是指未来证券价格或收益的不确定性或波动性，证券风险管理的基础和核心是对风险的定量分析和评估·国内外研究表明，金融时间序列通常带有一些明显的特性：金融时间序列的收益率分布存在尖峰厚尾性[1]及其波动具有集群性[2]；股票的价格波动还有&杠杆效应&[3]·这些显著

It is disadvantageous to stability of lunar rover.The frequency of wheel wave is a function of velocity of wheel motor, dimension of wheel,density of grousers and wheel slide.

车轮在垂直地面上的周期波动和前进速度的波动对于月球车来说是一个周期性的激励，其频率应与月球车系统的固有频率避开，防止月球车前进时产尘较大的振动。

In experiments,grousers were added to wheel surface to increase driving force of wheel.Grousers can increase driving force of wheel.Yet grousers also introduce vertical wave of wheel.

轮刺增大驱动力、减小滑动的同时也带来了车轮在垂直沙面方向上周期性的位移波动，这是对月球车前进稳定性不利的一个影响因素，车轮前进速度也山于轮刺的作用产生了周期性的波动。

The system uses PID controller and fuzzy controller to design automatic control loops, a study of fuzzy three-element feed-water control system for a CFB municipal waste incinerator is introduced. The incinerator is faced with problems such as large-scale fluctuation of furnace heat load and low regulation resolution of main control feed-water valve. The fuzzy logic control system is applied to modulate PI control parameters according to steam drum water level to fit fluctuated heat load, the inner and outer control loops are realized in an asynchronous way to effectively decrease regulation time and improve regulation precision.

针对垃圾炉炉膛负荷波动较大，同时给水调节阀门执行机构的调节精度较低的现状，在传统三冲量串级汽包水位控制方式的基础上，采用模糊控制策略对内、外串级回路的PI控制参数进行分区域调整，强调了PI参数在被控参量处于不同范围时的分离作用，同时内、外控制回路采用异步控制方式，浙江大学硕士学位论文从而有效地减小了被控参量的调节时间，提高调节精度，使水位波动控制在△为士12~范围内。

The compound tray holds excellent features , it has been successfully used in industry namely , methane alcohol ethanol , methyl aeetyl distillations and etc It is also expected to have a broad prospect for applications in other chemical industry field In this paper , many studies are concerned with the gas liquid duallowing the hole and oscillating regulation of the compound tray by experiments These studies will provide theoretical and experimental foundation for the design and improvement of the compound tray The main part of which is a 500 mm inner diameter three compound trays column , serving as a hydrodynamic model , the system air ?

复合塔板以其优良的性能，在甲醇、乙醇和丙酮等生产精馏装置中获得了成功的应用，并在其它化工生产领域有着广泛的应用前景。本论文旨在通过实验研究复合塔板上气液穿孔流动及波动波动规律，为复合塔的设计和结构改进提供理论和实验依据。实验是在一塔径500mm的冷模塔内，以空气—水为物系，在常压下进行实验。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。