波

This dissertation focuses on the spherical wavelet expansion of the earth gravity field and its application. Based on the concept of the integration approaches and radial basis functions the spherical wavelet is put forward, with that the earth gravity field is described in a new way, and some other researches are conducted, they are: spherical wavelet regularization, multiscale approximation of satellite gravity measurement, down continuation of airborne geavimetry data, the least squares properties of geopotential wavelet approximation, the spherical wavelet solution of two kinds of BVP and spherical selective multiscale reconstruction.

本文围绕地球重力场的球面小波展开及其应用进行研究，在积分逼近与径向基函数概念的基础上引入了球面小波，利用球面小波对重力场展开进行了重新表示，在此基础上进行了球面小波正则化、卫星重力多尺度逼近、航空重力数据向下延拓、重力场球面小波逼近的最小范数性质、两类边值问题的球面小波实用解、球面选择多尺度去噪方法等方面的研究。

Some conclusions are inducted through the study: first, grid nudging with the rountine observed data in the MM5 simulation of atmospheric duct affects less over the sea than the land;Second,how much of sigma levels have great influence on simulation of atmospheric duct and the MM5 simulation with more sigma levels depicting the atmospheric ducts are reasonable; Last, multiple nests are allowed on a given level of nesting domain in the MM5 model.

通过研究得到了以下结论：(1)利用常规资料进行格点同化对海上大气波导影响较小，对陆地影响较大；(2)垂直分层对大气波导特征参数影响明显，层数较多描述大气波导比较合适；(3)对于海上大气波导，细网格刻画大气波导特征参数比较细致，但粗网格的模拟已经足够进行大气波导分析。

The analytical method used in this paper is justified by comparing with country norm form formula results , the result of Franco et al and the result of Yuxiu Wei et al.

综合各因素的影响，应用最小二乘法进行曲线拟合，得到了斜向波和多向波作用于直立堤上的平均越浪量的计算公式、单波最大越浪量的计算公式、单波最大越浪量和平均越浪量的关系式、越波率计算公式以及单波越浪量的统计分布形式，并通过与按照我国规范中斜坡堤越浪量计算公式形式拟合得到的直立堤越浪量公式和俞聿修，魏德彬的试验结果、Franco C，Franco L试验结果的比较来验证本文所采用的分析方法的合理性、试验结果的可靠性，以便于理论研究和工程设计参考应用。

Numerical simulation and shaking table tests for acceleration response of piles in liquefiable ground were performed under three earthquake events.

结果表明：三种地震输入下，自下而上沿桩-柱墩长度方向，加速度峰值放大系数变化基本一致且均出现在10～20s时段内，加速度时程曲线的形状也极其相似；压缩0.15g El Centro波输入下加速度反应在砂土层与黏土层过渡带有增大趋势、在地表则有一定程度减小，且压缩0.15g El Centro波较0.15g El Centro波输入下均偏小，0.15g El Cen-tro波输入下自下而上桩的加速度时程幅值和峰值放大系数的试验值、计算值均一直有较大幅度增大；0.5g El Centro波输入下，加速度时程幅值的计算值和试验值在桩折断位置之下一直增大、至砂土层与黏土层过渡带则大大减小，加速度峰值放大系数的试验值和计算值在砂土层与黏土层过渡带突变增大、而在地表则明显减小，且较0.15g El Centro波输入下桩的峰值放大系数要偏小。

The main contents include the ray phenomenon and its generation conditions; the deduction and physical illumination of wave action conservation equation and wave number conservation equation; ray theory for sinusoidal waves; Fermat's principle; the variation of amplitude in the case of straight and parallel depth contours and circular depth contours; the amplitude near the caustics; wave trapping; deduction of mild-slope equation and the relevant numerical solution methods.

讲授折射现象及其发生的条件；波作用守恒方程和波数守恒方程的推导及物理解释；稳恒正弦波的控制方程及射线方程；费马原理；利用射线方程研究等深线是平行直线和圆周线时波振幅的变化，特别是焦散线附近波高的变化以及由此而产生的波的俘获；缓坡方程的推导及有关的数值求解方法。

Various kinds of water rippleswere formed on the sediments,including straight-crested,undulatory,lingoid and rhomboid ripples by the action of water flow.

水流的作用产生各种水流波痕，包括直脊波痕、波曲波痕、舌形波痕和菱形波痕。

First, the traffic flow time series chaotic feature is extracted by chaos theory. pretreatment for traffic flow time series, and the wavelet neural networks model was build by this. Second, the chaotic mechanism and the chaotic probability is described. Based on chaotic learning algorithm, and the wavelet neural networks fast learning algorithm of traffic flow time series is designed based on chaotic algorithm. Last, a single-step and multi-step prediction of traffic flow chaotic time series is researched by BP neural networks, wavelet neural networks and wavelet neural networks based on chaotic algorithm. The results showed that the wavelet neural networks predictive performance is better than the BP networks and the wavelet neural networks by the simulation results and root-mean-square value.

首先，通过混沌理论提取了交通流量时间序列的混沌特征，并在此基础上建立了小波神经网络交通流量时间序列模型；接着，阐述了混沌学习算法的混沌机理、混沌产生的概率，设计了基于混沌算法的小波神经网络交通流量混沌时间序列快速学习算法；最后利用交通流量混沌时间序列对BP网络、非混沌算法的小波神经网络以及基于混沌算法的小波神经网络进行了单步预测和多步预测，并对预测结果的仿真图和真实值与预测值的方均根进行了比较，结果表明基于混沌学习算法的小波神经网络的预测性能明显优于应用BP网络和非混沌算法的小波神经网络。

In order to probe the absorb coefficients of earth medium by the direct wave, reflected wave and transmied wave amplititude which are picked up from the radar wave racords yielded by finite element method,the paper gives out the attenuated radar wave equations in time domain and the attenuated radar wave differential equations while the motion changes simple harmonic with time and electric parametets change slowly with space.

摘 要 为了用有限元方法生成雷波正演记录，从而拾取直达波、反射波、透射波振幅信息，以确定介质吸收系数，文章在时间域给出了雷达波含衰减项的波动方程，及在运动随时间简谐变化以及电性参数随空间缓变的条件含衰减项的雷达波遵循的简化微分方程。

Dynamic reliability under Littlewood-Paley wavelet is the biggest, dynamic reliability under modified meyerwavelet and harmonic wavelet are close. Analyzing the dynamic reliability of structure under odd exponent wavelet is very simple, it doesn't calculate Power Spectral Density function integral, it is only to calculate the square of displacement standard deviation and the square of velocity, then the dynamic reliability of structure can be concluded by max distribution. In addition the effects of upper limit is considered, when upper limit is smaller, the dynamic reliability of structure is less, that is, the damage possibility is bigger.

通过结构地震反应在小波基下的动力可靠性分析说明：无论是单自由度还是多自由度从理论上推导在这四种小波下的结构动力可靠性是可行的，而且考虑的结构地震反应都是非平稳的高斯过程，方法实现也比较容易；在Littlewood—Paley小波基下求得的结构的动力可靠度比较大，由改造的meyer小波和谐波小波求得的动力可靠度略有差异；单边指数小波下的结构动力可靠性分析非常简单，不用求功率谱函数来积分，只需求得结构地震反应的位移方差，速度方差，利用最大值分布公式就可得到结构的动力可靠时程；另外也考虑了超越界限对结构动力可靠度的影响，超越界限越小，结构的动力可靠度越小，即破坏概率越大。

Dynamic reliability under Littlewood-Paley wavelet is the biggest, dynamic reliability under modified meyerwavelet and harmonic wavelet are close. Analyzing the dynamic reliability of structure under odd exponent wavelet is very simple, it doesnt calculate Power Spectral Density function integral, it is only to calculate the square of displacement standard deviation and the square of velocity, then the dynamic reliability of structure can be concluded by max distribution. In addition the effects of upper limit is considered, when upper limit is smaller, the dynamic reliability of structure is less, that is, the damage possibility is bigger.

通过结构地震反应在小波基下的动力可靠性分析说明：无论是单自由度还是多自由度从理论上推导在这四种小波下的结构动力可靠性是可行的，而且考虑的结构地震反应都是非平稳的高斯过程，方法实现也比较容易；在Littlewood—Paley小波基下求得的结构的动力可靠度比较大，由改造的meyer小波和谐波小波求得的动力可靠度略有差异；单边指数小波下的结构动力可靠性分析非常简单，不用求功率谱函数来积分，只需求得结构地震反应的位移方差，速度方差，利用最大值分布公式就可得到结构的动力可靠时程；另外也考虑了超越界限对结构动力可靠度的影响，超越界限越小，结构的动力可靠度越小，即破坏概率越大。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐