波

Firstly,surd or sonant judgment with each voice frame is done,then the multi-scale wavelet analysis is done only on the sonant frames to get pitches.In order to get accurate pitches,the intervals of local modulus maxima of dyadic wavelet coefficients are corrected according to amplitude information and appearance probability information.

针对这一问题，提出一种基于小波变换的基音周期提取改进算法，将TEO算子与二进小波变换结合起来，首先进行清浊判定，然后只对浊音帧采取多尺度小波分析提取周期，提出用幅度信息和出现概率信息校正二进小波模极大值间距，从而得到准确的周期。

The following are the major work in this thesis which has been studied and still needs to be studied further in the future: 1 An improved adjoint variational method is developed, thus it can be applied to the LAGFD-WAM Wave Numerical Model for data assimilation; 2 A linear evolution equation of spectral perturbation is derived in order to analyze its increasing or decreasing mechanism.

本论文主要完成了以下几个方面的研究： 1）建立了推广形式的共轭变分同化方法，使之能够应用于LAGFD-WAM海浪数值模式； 2）导出了扰动谱线性演化方程，分析了扰动谱增长、衰减机制，考察了涌浪情况下扰动谱的持续时效问题及风浪情况下扰动的演变过程； 3）利用波谱共轭方程初步分析了同化模型中距离泛函的敏感性及敏感区域空间分布； 4）将推广的共轭变分方法应用于海浪谱能量平衡方程，建立了连续形式的海浪同化模型，特别是严格导出了风输入、破碎、底摩擦、波波非线性相互作用和波流相互作用各源函数的共轭源函数表示式； 5）分别进行了波谱层次上和有效波高层次上的同化试验，并对数值结果进行了分析。

It is necessary to find the effects of spherical geometry on surface wave; Based on normal modal summation, the synthetic seismograms corresponding to the fundamental and few higher modes are calculated; Based on surface waveform scattering theory, the scattering surface wave are calculated for three dimensional laterally varying medium.

基于球地球模型计算面波波形，考虑到地球的圆球率，比平地球模型更接近实际；根据简正振型叠加原理计算出基阶和高阶直达面波；用面波散射理论计算出三维非均匀弹性地球模型的散射面波，包含振型转换，与实际更吻合。

Combined the application in practice, the detecting effects in wave impedance with spherical wave and artificial wave are discussed.

低应变反射波法在桩基完整性检测技术中愈来愈占有重要的地位，但简便易行的优点也造成了检测结果精确性的不足，本文结合反射波法在实践中的应用，就球面波、人为造成波阻抗变化在检测中的影响等几方面和读者进行探讨。

A portion of the wave front of a spherical wave whose radius is very large can be reigned as the wave front of a plane wave.

半径很大的球面波上的一部分波前，可以看作是平面波的波前，用惠更斯原理同样可求得其波前。

Seismic responses of long-span single-layer and double-layer reticulated spherical shell under wave excitations and uniform excitation s are studied.

本文考虑了地震波的行波效应，采用不同的视波速，对单双层球面网壳结构在行波激励下的反应分别进行了计算分析，并与在一致激励下的地震反应进行对比，考察了两者之间的差异，深入分析了大跨度单双层球面网壳结构在行波激励下的地震反应规律，得出了一些有益于工程实际的重要结论。

In order to verify the prediction efficiency, 27 interplanetary shock events from January 1979 to June 1982 and 68 interplanetary shock events from February 1997 to January 2000 are used for testing. Comparing the results of our disturbance model to those obtained by STOA and ISPM, we find that our disturbance model is as good as the other two models, and in some cases even better.

为印证扰动传播模型的适用性，利用79年到82年间的27个激波事件，以及97年2月到2000年1月间的68个激波事件，对激波到达地球轨道附近的传播时间进行了预测，并将结果与目前流行的行星际激波事件到达地球轨道时间的STOA和ISPM预报模型所得结果进行了比较。

The results of quantitative coding to wavelet transform coefficient show that low-scale extreme wavelet coefficients can accurately localize the subaerial position of fractures.The shifting of extreme wavelet coefficients can be used to judge relative magnitude of dip angle and dip direction of fracture with scale increasing.The value of extreme wavelet coefficients can reflect density difference of formations on both sides of fracture and provide information of physical properties for fracture analysis.

小波变换系数量化编码结果表明，低尺度小波系数极值可以准确定位断裂在地表的位置；随着尺度的增加，小波系数极值会发生偏移，可以判断断裂的倾向和倾角的相对大小；小波系数极值可以反映断裂两侧地层的密度差异，为断裂分析提供物性信息。

While we were trying to understand the origin of subcontinental mantle anisotropy by SKS splitting measurements in Qinghai-Xizang plateau, we were perplexed for answers to the following questions:(1) why the inefficient Sn propagation region correlates with the large delay time (1.91-2.40s) of SKS splitting,(2) why very strong δt variations occur at the edges of this region, and (3) what results in the abnormal delay time.

当人们试图解释青藏高原异常的剪切波分裂成因时，以下的问题让人们感到困惑：为什么异常大的SKS分裂延时(1.91-2.4s)出现在青藏高原北部Sn波缺失区；(2)为什么分裂延时突变（1.47s和1.09s）出现在Sn波缺失区的边缘；(3)为什么快波极化方向与地表大规模的构造走向之间存在约20°-30°的偏差。

In this theory, we firstly introduce the basic theory of discrete wavelet transform and lifting scheme. Secondly, we adopt a fully pipelining VLSI architecture for lifting-based DWT. Hence, we can operate on higher working frequency. Besides, we merge a QCB-based DWT method to achieve the higher parallelism for JPEG 2000 encoding system. By changing the output timing of the DWT process, the internal tile memory size can be reduced by a factor of 4. Moreover, the architecture can efficiently perform shape-adaptive DWT and solve boundary extension and subsampling problems. Finally, according to the comparison results with other architectures, the efficiency of proposed architecture is proven.

在这篇论文中，首先我们介绍离散小波转换和提升式架构的基本理论，接下来我们改良提升式架构采用全管线化的硬体架构，因此我们可以操作在较高的工作频率，并且我们合并了以四个编码方块为基础的方式来使得JPEG 2000编码系统具有更高的平行度，藉著改变离散小波转换的输出时序，内部的记体体需求可以减少为原本的四分之一，接著此架构也可以有效地支援可适应形状的离散小波转换，同时解决了边界延伸和子取样的问题，最后根据与其他架构比较的结果，来说明所提出之离散小波转换架构的贡献。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。