法院

Article 6 of the Circular on Several Issues Concerning the Service of Legal Documents and the Investigation and Evidence Collection Mutually Entrusted Through Diplomatic Channel by the Courts of China and of Foreign Countries (No.47 [1986]) promulgated by the Supreme People's Court, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of Justice on August 14, 1986, provides the principles for the collection and payment of fees for the service of legal documents mutually entrusted through diplomatic channel by the courts of China and of foreign counties.

全国各有关法院，各驻外使领馆、团、处：1986年8月14日，最高人民法院、外交部、司法部外发[1986]47号文件《关于我国法院和外国法院通过外交途径相互委托送达法律文书若干问题的通知》的第六条，对我国法院和外国法院通过外交途径相互委托送达法律文书费用的收支问题作了原则规定。

To compare with the investigating judge system in Germany, there are some problems in the court system in the criminal investigating procedure in Taiwan. For a court to command a coercive means in the criminal investigating procedure, the legal rules in our Criminal Procedure Law are insufficient. Therefore, the jurisdiction of the court and the process in jurisdictional dispute in the criminal investigating procedure are not clear and definite. The organization of the court in the criminal investigating procedure still is an issue. Also, the order of the authority distribution is not formed yet in our criminal investigating procedure. The limits of authority of the court are indefinite. Even on the form of the court's decision and the grievance procedure, there are different opinions in practice and theory.

就我国侦查中法院之运作而言，对於侦查程序中强制处分及证据保全之权限分配，我国刑事诉讼制度其实亦不乏明文规定，但是，在侦查法官之引进空间下，检视我国侦查程序之现况，可以发现，就强制处分之监督功能而言，由於现行法在制度面上规范之不足，我国侦查中法院之运作，对於其管辖权之划分标准及管辖权错误之处理，产生法律适用之疑虑；法院组织之方式及法院事务分配规则之适用上发生争议；而对於侦查权限之分配，亦存在著法官保留范围狭隘及法院审查权限不明确之问题；甚至，对於侦查中法院之裁判形式及其救济途径之选择，仍有不同之意见，以致於造成我国侦查中法院运作之困难。

This thesis analyzes the weakness in present management and puts forward necessity of establishing modern management information system in Court of Justice, meanwhile , the writer has ever participated in developing management information system in people抯 Junior Court of Justice of Kunming .In addition, the writer has already analyzed several popular management patterns at home and abroad through comparison and worked out management pattern of Court of Justice in the light of present situation in court of flowing process in handling cases should be improved with the help of cards of cases management , statistical graphs and auxiliary ways f handling cases .what makes it fair and just in Judicature and supervision management .

本论文首先分析了法院现行管理当中存在的问题，提出了建立法院现代化管理信息系统的必然性，结合本人参与开发的具有典型法院管理代表性的"昆明市中级人民法院管理信息系统"为例，对比分析了现在国内外流行的几种管理模式，针对法院的实际管理情况，得出法院管理模式应是：以优化的办理案件流程管理为主线，案件管理卡片和统计报表为核心，辅助办案为手段，充分体现审限监督管理和司法的公平与公正。

The Supreme Court shall also have appellate jurisdiction from the circuit courts and courts of the several states, in the cases herein after specially provided for; and shall have power to issue writs of prohibition to the district courts, when proceeding as courts of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, and writs of mandamus, in cases warranted by the principles and usages of law, to any courts appointed, or persons holding office, under the authority of the United States

最高法院还拥有受理来自巡回法院及各州法院的上诉案件的上诉司法管辖权；并且当联邦地区法院在受理海事案件的时候，最高法院有权向他们签发禁止令状；最高法院还有权在依照法律原则和习惯处理案件的时候，向任何指定的法院，任何在任的官员签发训令状。（从来没翻译过法律文书，自己看得懂，翻译出来真要命了

The higher court may dismiss the appeal by affirming the decision of the lower court, or reversing or modifying the decision of the lower court, or remitting the matter to the lower court for reconsideration in the light of principles set out by the higher court.

上级法院可藉确认下级法院的决定驳回上诉、或推翻或修改下级法院的有关决定、或将有关事宜发还有关的下级法院，以因应上级法院列明的原则重行考虑。

No person shall bring a putative or certified class action to arbitration, nor seek to enforce any predispute arbitration agreement against any person who has initiated in court a putative class action; or who is a member of a putative class who has not opted out of the class with respect to any claims encompassed by the putative class action until: the class certification is denied; or the class is decertified; or the customer is excluded from the class by the court.

任何人均不得将一项可能被法院受理的或已被法院受理的集体诉讼提交仲裁，也不得针对已经向法院提出可能被受理的集体诉讼、且并未针对该集体诉讼所涉及的任何索偿选择退出该集团的人士强制执行任何纷争前的仲裁合约，除非出现下列三种情况：法院拒绝受理该集体诉讼；该集体诉讼的法院受理被取消；法院已将客户排除在该集体诉讼之外。

Today on 20th August 2007, he has been granted bail by Supreme Court 今天就2007年8月20日,他已获准保释,由最高法院 The bail has been granted on the basis that he was on the bail anyhow from '93 till 2007 and since the case is under supreme court, he can be granted conditional bail.

保释金已发放的基础，他就外出，但无论如何从'93到2007年以来的情况下，最高法院，他可以有条件获得保释。

The Court of King's Bench evolved from the curia regis, the itinerant royal court which dealt with the administration of the realm.

王权法院，也有人译为&皇冠法院&或&刑事法院&，是指专门审理重大刑事案件的一级法院编制，由于其所审理的案件都是由王国政府提起的设计国王安宁的案件，所以称为&王权法院&。

Its origins have been traced back to 1178 when Abbot Benedict of Peterborough recorded that Henry II ordered five judges of the curia regis to sit permanently to hear complaints from his subjects. In 1268 King's Bench was appointed its first chief justice.

王座法院（Court of King's Bench）是英国历史上的一个法院体系，主要审理刑事案件；后与历史上的普通诉讼法院、理财法院合并成为高等法院的一个庭，即后座庭（Queen's Bench Division），如果执政君主为男性则称为&王座庭&（King's Bench Division）。

It had unlimited criminal jurisdiction throughout the realm. The Judicature Act of 1873 unified the courts system and transferred jurisdiction to a single High Court of Justice.

而皇家法院并不是一个单独的法院编制，而是位于伦敦的一处法院大楼，为英国高等法院和上诉法院的中央办公地点和审判场所。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。