法系

Compared with more coherence in judicial attitude of review over the issue of law,there exist numerous differences in dealing with the issue of fact between theAnglo-American and Continental legal systems.

与对待法律问题上的审查态度具有更多的一致性相比，英美法系和大陆法系在对待事实问题的方法上却表现出众多的差异。

Although the prejudication judger system is fixed by law in many Anglo-American law system countries and Romano-Germanic family countries,the mode of the criminal prosecution in China is different.

尽管预审法官在很多英美法系和大陆法系的国家也都有规定，但我国刑事诉讼模式与这些国家有着相当大的差异，在我国引入预审法官制度既不必要也不恰当。

The testimony in privilege in the countries of Anglo-American law system must be adverse or secret,while the privileged kinfolk\'s testimony in the countries of continental law system is free from legal limits.All the legal kinfolks of the suspect or the accused can refuse to testify.

其二是受拒证特权保护的证言范围有所不同，英美法系国家受拒证特权保护的证言仅包括涉及婚内秘密交流的证言以及不利于被告的证言，而大陆法系国家则对受保护证言的性质未加以限制，只要证人为法定亲等的亲属即有权拒绝提供任何证言。

In the Civil Law Family,the collateral guarantor'srights of defense mainly are related to the invalidity of the underlying contract,the revocability of the underlying contract,the right of offset,the concurrentconditions,"Einrede der Unsicherkei",the invalidity of the guarantee contract.the period of validity,the special terms of immunity from the guarantor's liabilityand beneficiam excussionis.Under the case law of the Common Law Family,thesituations in which the collateral guarantor can claim the rights of defense mainlyinclude the situation of non-fulfillment of the guarantee condition,the situationrelated to the extent of guarantor's liability,the situation under which the creditordidn't perform his obligations,the situation related to the appropriation ofpayments,the situations related to fulfillment of purpose of guarantee,thesituation related to the creditor's laches,the situation related to the loss ofsecurities held by the creditor,the situation related to the discharge of theprincipal debtor,the situation related to the creditor connivance in the default ofthe principal,the situation related to the discharge arising by operation of law andthe situation related to the fiduciary duty.

大陆法系中，从属保证人对债权人的抗辩权主要有：主债务无效抗辩权、主债务可撤销抗辩权、抵销抗辩权、同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权、保证合同无效抗辩权、保证期间抗辩权、特殊免责抗辩权以及先诉抗辩权等；根据英美法系国家的判例法，从属保证人能够主张抗辩权的情形主要有：保证责任条件不成就的抗辩、关于保证责任范围的抗辩、债权人不履行义务的抗辩、关于债务清偿分配的抗辩、保证目的已实现的抗辩、关于债权人懈怠的抗辩、关于债权人享有的担保权益丧失的抗辩、债务人的债务免除抗辩、债权人对债务人违约纵容的抗辩、法律适用导致保证责任解除的抗辩、就信托义务原则提出的抗辩。

Chapter one is a general introduction to financial leasing, in which the author discusses the definition, legal nature and features of financial leasing. Moreover, the author defines the nature of "international" in "international financial leasing" as different business sites of both the leasor and leasee in different countries. In Chapter two the author probes into the various manifestations of breaches of contract by both the leasor and the leasee in financial leasing on the basis of a careful analysis of the regulations in both Anglo-American law system and the civil law system, CISG and Unidroit Principles of International Commercial contracts as well as our country"s law. In Chapter three the author studies the respective legal problems concerning bankruptcy of both the leasor and the leasee, including the leaser"s right to take back the leased assets. The last chapter is the conclusion of this dissertation , in which the author , on the basis of the first three chapters, puts forward his suggestions on the perfection of our country"s financial leasing law and thinks that a financial leasing law be passed to regulate both parties" conducts in the transaction and the whole transaction of the leasor should be supervised by a uniform government organism.

第一章为国际融资租赁的概述，对融资租赁的概念、法律性质、特征及其国际性进行了探讨；第二章通过对英美法系和大陆法系国家法律及CISG和国际商事合同通则中关于违约及其救济的分析研究，并结合我国《合同法》的规定，主要探讨了国际融资租赁交易中各方当事人的具体违约形态及其救济措施；第三章探讨了国际融资租赁交易中出租人和承租人破产情形下的相关法律问题，主要分析了破产财产、破产债权及在承租人破产情形下出租人对租赁物的取回权等法律问题；第四章为本文的结论部分，在前三章的基础上，从私法和公法的角度对我国融资租赁法律体系的完善提出了建议，认为我国应制定专门的融资租赁法来规范该交易中可能出现的各种法律问题，并应统一对融资租赁业加以监管。

From the method of comparison, most countries of Continental Law System and Anglo-American Legal System reco...

从比较法考察，大多数的大陆法系国家和英美法系国家都肯定无权处分合同的效力，这符合了合同法总体的发展趋势，适应了市场经济发展的客观要求。

Chapter 2 deals with the protection of creditors'rights, and proves the necessariness of installing Bondholders'Community.

英美法系的债券信托管理制度和大陆法系的公司债券持有人会议制度各有其优点和局限性。

The institution, opening the obiter dictum in judgment, arises from Anglo - American legal family countries, while, excluded by the continental countries.

判决中的不同意见公开制度起源于英美法系国家，而为传统大陆法系国家所反对，这是由于两者在制度类型上的差异所致。

There are different understandings on the concepts of "analogy"、"analogical interpretation"and"application of analogy"in criminal law in Continental legal System and Common law System.

类推、类推解释和类推适用，三者之间是什么样的关系，是否具有相同的涵义，在大陆法系和英美法系具有不同的理解。

It exists in England in criminal cases , but in only a few types of civil cases . IN civil –law countries it is not used in civil cases at all .although in some civil-law countries a petit jury is occasionally used in criminal cases

在英国，小陪审团适用于刑事案件，并仅适用于很少几中民事案件，在所有大陆法系国家，小陪审团根本不适用于民事案件，虽然在某些大陆法系中家，在刑事案件中偶尔也适用小陪审团。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。