法律的运用

Had carried out firm finance policy and monetary policy; to be paid attention to more apply economic shift and exert oneself of legal measure; to advance economic system to reform, continue to perfect system of socialist market economy.

实施好稳健的财政政策和货币政策；更加注重运用经济手段和法律手段；着力推进经济体制改革，继续完善社会主义市场经济体制。

It is necessary to observe discipline and law, and be good at using the law to protect their own legitimate rights and interests.

既要遵纪守法，还要善于运用法律保护自身的合法权益。

The current policy although has established three levels(the central committee,the province,the county)medical service management agent,but its management,supervision,and personnel selection is stillsubstandard.

社会保障作为国家社会政策的一个方面，被认为是国家行为，靠国家运用政策、法律、财政等管理手段来实现。

In modern times, some customs have fallen into desuetude, and some others have been absorbed in rules of law.

而在现代社会，一部分的习惯已经被人们所弃用，还有一部分习惯被法律所吸收运用。

The author uses the method of positivism to analyze the necessity of constructing this system in our country.

主要运用实证分析法，从法律、经济和社会文化等角度分析了在我国实行个人破产制度的必要性。

To protect the private property in law is the most important job of our legislation.

运用法律手段保护私有财产是我国目前立法的重要任务之一。

And regardless of the law, social changes seem to be making parents in rich countries cautious about smacking.

除法律规定外，社会变迁似乎使富裕国家的父母更为谨慎地运用体罚。

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

Should advance a network actively sincere letter construction, at present network space existence breaks be convinced Wu variously, caused serious harm to the public and social interest, apply as Internet to domain of social life deep administrative levels advance, must accelerate advance a network sincere letter construction, in some sense, the future of Internet depends on sincere letter, the development of Internet, rely on sincere letter, of Internet all sorts of apply effectively must build the base in sincere letter over, internet industry wants a joint efforts, legal laws and regulations, the public is supervised and industry self-discipline union rises, build and perfect a network sincere letter system, form sincere letter to be this, the good fashion of glory of be as good as one's word.

二，要积极推进网络诚信建设，目前网络空间存在各种各样的失信服务，对公众和社会利益造成了严重的损害，随着互联网运用向社会生活深层次领域的推进，必须加快推进网络诚信建设，从某种意义上说，互联网的前途在于诚信，互联网的发展，依赖于诚信，互联网的各种有效运用都必须建立在诚信的基础之上，互联网业界要共同努力，将法律法规，公众监督和行业自律结合起来，建立和完善网络诚信体系，形成诚信为本，守信光荣的良好风尚。

The main factors to restrict realization of the aim of judicial explanation are limitations of explanatory means , inability of judges as principal part of explainers , pressure from groups of interests , lack of independence of justice and judges , no modem rule by law hi ideology and culture of law and effects of public opinion and human relationship ; therefore , the main ways to realize the aim of judicial explanation are to construct team of judges , enhance quality of judges , apply scientific explanatory means , state publicly judicial explanation , analyse reasons for judgement, reform judicial system of court, guarantee independence of judice and judges and cultivate civilian ideology of modem legal culture.

解释方法的局限性、作为解释主体的法官的素质的不适性、利益集团的压力、司法及法官缺乏应有的独立性、法律文化意识非现代法治性以及民意舆论和人情关系的影响是制约司法解释目标实现的主要因素；而建设法官队伍，提高法官的素质、运用科学合理的解释方法、公开表述司法解释，分析判决理由、改革法院司法体制，保障司法和法官的独立以及培育公民现代的法律文化意识是实现司法解释目标的最主要路径。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。