法律的执行

B Benefit and detriment Historically, the mon law action of debt was said to require a quid pro quo, and that requirement may have led to statements that consideration must be a benefit to the promisor But contracts were enforced in the mon-law action of assumpsit without any such requirement; in actions of assumpsit the emphasis was rather on the harm to the promisee, and detrimental reliance on a promise may still be the basis of contractual relief See 90 But reliance is not essential to the formation of a bargain, and remedies for breach have long been given in cases of exchange of promise for promise where neither party has begun to perform Today when it is said that consideration must involve a detriment to the promisee, the supposed requirement is often qualified by a statement that a "legal detriment" is sufficient even though there is no economic detriment or other actual loss It is more realistic to say simply that there is no requirement of detriment

b收益和损害。从历史来看，普通法上的债的行为被认为要求一个等价物，而且这一要求还可能导出这样的结论：约因必须是允诺人获益。但在缺乏这一要求的契约在普通法上的违约之诉中仍然得到执行；在违约之诉中，强调的是对受允诺人的损害，而且对允诺的有害依赖可能仍然是契约救济的基础。参见第90条。但是信赖对协商的成立并非必要性因素，而且在任何一方当事人均未开始履行的允诺交换允诺的案例中，早已规定了违约救济。现在，当有人认为约因必须包括一个对于受允诺人的损害时，其假设的要求经常由此表述得以满足："一个"法律上的损害即使在没有经济损害或者其他实际损失的情况下仍然是充分的。认为没有对于损害的要求的主张是更加现实的。

Loyal to the highest constituted power in the land, actuated by an innate love of rectitude his aims would be the strict maintenance of public order, the repression of many abuses though not of all simultaneously (every measure of reform or retrenchment being a preliminary solution to be contained by fluxion in the final solution), the upholding of the letter of the law (common, statute and law merchant) against all traversers in covin and trespassers acting in contravention of bylaws and regulations, all resuscitators (by trespass and petty larceny of kindlings) of venville rights, obsolete by desuetude, all orotund instigators of international persecution, all perpetuators of international animosities, all menial molestors of domestic conviviality, all recalcitrant violators of domestic connubiality.

在对本国的最高宪法所规定的国家最高权力的一片忠诚和与生俱来的正义感的驱使之下，他所追求的目标就是严格地维护社会秩序，扫除各种弊端，然而并非齐头并进（每一项改革或紧缩措施都是初步的解决，经过融化吸收，导致最后的解决）。对一切串通起来进行抗辩者，一切条例和规章的违反者，一切试图恢复已废止并失效的文维尔权者，国际间一切迫害的高声煽动者，国际间一切仇恨的鼓吹者，一切对家庭欢聚的卑鄙的破坏者，一切对夫妻关系死不悔改的亵渎者，要严格执行一切法律条文。

1 Unit prices are specified in the purchase order for every consignment and are understood to be FOB XIAMEN , including the cost of the item, the cost of export packing, the costs of packaging for each item full color imprint in accordance with requirements of Buyer, the costs of the labels with all information about the commodities and barcodes in Russian, lended and confirmed by Buyer in PDF format, marking in accordance with Buyer's requirements, the costs of instructions in Russian, lended and confirmed by Buyer in PDF format,(in case if the presence of theses instractions is forced by Russian legislation in accordance with the technical requests-out to these commodities), loading on board of ship, as wel as dock and port dues, cranage and custom duties, connected with the execution of the present Contract.

每个商品的单价都在销售合同上列明。这些价钱是FOB XIAMEN 价钱，包括了商品的成本，出口包装的成本，根据买方的要求含全色印刷的单个包装的成本，带俄文的产品描述和条形码的标贴的成本（由买方通过PDF格式提供和确认），带俄文指示的成本（根据这些产品的技术要求，如果俄罗斯现行的法律有相关的规定），装船的费用，货到码头所产生的费用，报关的费用，以及执行本合同所产生的其他费用。

Base on the discussion of the basic subject concerning definition, character, designation, classify, function of the international treaty and it's conclusion, inuring, reservation, revision, comparing the relation of the international treaty and Chinese law, confirming the above status in China law system, the problem of applying with regard to the international treaty including the manner, reasoni

在探讨了国际海事条约的概念、特征、名称、分类、作用及其缔结、生效、保留和修订等基本理论问题的基础上，通过推断比较我国已加入的国际条约与我国国内法的关系，明晰其在我国法律体系中的地位，着重论述了国际海事条约在我国国内的适用问题，包括在我国适用的理由、适用的方式、效力范围、与国内法的冲突等等，归纳总结出国际海事条约在我国适用的显著特征，并在此基础上，提出有关国际海事条约在我国适用问题的立法建议，以期今后国际海事条约在我国得以顺利执行，我国可以更妥善地履行国际海

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States; To establish post offices and post roads; To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; To provide and maintain a navy; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress

制定对伪造合众国证券和货币的惩罚条例；设立邮政局及延造驿路；为促进科学和实用技艺的进步，对作家和发明家的著作和发明，在一定期限内给予专利权的保障；设置最高法院以下的各级法院；界定并惩罚海盗罪、在公海所犯的重罪和违背国际公法的罪行；宣战，对民用船苹颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动的特许证，制定在陆地和海面虏获战利晶的规则；募集和维持陆军，但每次拨充该项费用的款项，其有效期不得超过两年；配备和保持海军；制定有开管理和控制陆海军队的各种条例；制定召集民兵的条例，以便执行联邦法律，镇压叛乱和击退侵略；规定民兵的组织、装备和训练，以及民兵为合众国服务时的管理办法，但各州保留其军官任命权，和依照国会规定的条例训练其民团的权力

The administration supervision is a main type of inside administrative controls, it is a special department which set up in the administrative system and supervises the national administrative organ, national civil servant and other national personnel in carrying out the law and regulations, policy and determine, with supervision function, and investigates and prosecutes the activities breaking the law, activities against discipline.

行政监察是内部行政监督的一种主要类型，它是指依法设置在行政系统内部的专司监督职能的机关对国家行政机关、国家公务员和国家行政机关任命的其他人员执行国家法律、法规、政策和决定、命令的情况进行监督，并对违法、违纪行为予以查处的活动。

T To maintain, manage, deal with, dispose of and subject to the provisions of this Our Supplemental Charter and of the Statutes to invest all the property, money, assets and rights of the University in such stocks, funds, shares, securities or investments whatsoever and wheresoever situate (whether authorised by the general law for the investment of trust moneys or not so authorised) as the University shall think fit or in the purchase of land in Our United Kingdom whether by way of investment or for occupation and subject or not subject to leases or tenancies and to vary any investments including the realization of existing investments and to re-invest the net proceeds of the realization, provided that in the case of moneys held by the University as trustee the powers hereby conferred shall be exercised subject to the provisions of the law relating to investment by trustees.

对一切财产，金钱，资产和学校权利用于在股票，基金，股份，债券或无论何种何处（不论是否由信托资金投资一般法授权与否）校方认为合适的投资，或者在联合王国内不论是否通过投资或占用与否、是否依据租赁或租用的土地购置，其保存、管理、处理、安置以及依据此补充特许证和法规的条款的投资，对包括实现现有投资的任何投资的变更，以及净收入实现的再投资，只要在校方作为资金持有保管人情况下，由此授予的权力应当按照投资相关法律条款由保管人执行。

Independent director, intituled Outside Director again,or Non－ Executive director, is the director who he has no contract relation with the company except the status of director. They are neither employee nor relative, provider, dealer, fund-provider, nor the representative of the provider with law, account, audit, management advice service.

独立董事又称为外部独立董事，或独立非执行董事，是指除了董事身份外与公司没有任何其它契约关系的董事，他们既不是公司的雇员及其亲属，也不是公司的供货商、经销商、资金提供者，亦不是向公司提供法律、会计、审计、管理咨询等服务的机构职员或代表，他们与公司没有任何可能影响其对公司决策和事务行使独立判断的关系，也不受其他董事的控制和影响。

The critics urge the fact that the Pentateuchal laws concerning the sanctuary, the sacrifices, the feasts, and the priesthood agree with different stages of post-Mosaic historical development; that the second stage agrees with the reform of Josias, and the third with the enactments enforced after the time of the Babylonian Exile.

批评者呼吁的事实，即pentateuchal法律庇护，牺牲，节日，和神职人员同意的不同阶段后花叶的历史发展；表示，第二阶段同意的改革josias ，第三个与成文法执行后的时候，巴比伦的流亡。

Ministry of Land and Resources and the provinces for the Office of Land and Resources macro-management sector, is mainly responsible for formulating regulations and policies, there is generally no specific grant of land control, the real master is granted the right to urban land management departments at the county level, they are representative; and this 2 specifically responsible for the management of the land grant, and one of the main title of the State Council, the executive has a huge difference, mainly affected by two government at the same level leadership, authority and power of appointment are in the hands of the government at the same level the hands of senior management is mainly responsible for operational guidance, this is bound to make land management sector succumbed to the local executive order, and even fewer consider the implementation of national laws and regulations so that the state regulation of the difficulty of increasing the overall national will and national interests are not fully reflected.

国土资源部和省为国土资源的宏观管理部门，主要负责制定法规和政策，一般没有具体的批地控制，真正的主人是权城市土地管理部门在县一级，它们代表；这2专门负责管理土地赠款，其中一个主要标题国务院，执行有很大的差异，主要受两个政府在同一水平上的领导，权威和权力的任命是在政府手中，在同一水平手中的高级管理人员主要负责业务指导，这势必使土地管理部门屈从于地方行政秩序，甚至更少考虑实施国家法律和规章，使国家调控的困难，提高整个国家的意愿和国家的利益没有得到充分反映。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了