法律的执行

Enforcement of the law is essential to the development of an accountable government.

法律的执行对于负责任的政府的发展而言是非常必要的。

If the legislative, or any part of it, be made up of representatives chosen for that time by the people, which afterwards return into the ordinary state of subjects, and have no share in the legislature but upon a new choice, this power of chusing must also be exercised by the people, either at certain appointed seasons, or else when they are summoned to it; and in this latter case the power of convoking the legislative is ordinarily placed in the executive, and has one of these two limitations in respect of time: that either the original constitution requires their assembling and acting at certain intervals, and then the executive power does nothing but ministerially issue directions for their electing and assembling, according to due forms; or else it is left to his prudence to call them by new elections, when the occasions or exigencies of the public require the amendment of old, or making of new laws, or the redress or prevention of any inconveniencies, that lie on, or threaten the people.

如果立法权力或它的任何部分，由人们选举的代表组成，在需要立法的时候集会，法律制定之后仍回归臣民的普通状态，除非重新当选，不再享有任何立法权力，那么选举的权力也应由人们在一确定的时间或当他们被召集时行使；在后一种情况下，召集立法的权力通常交给执行权力，在时间上受以下二者限制：或由最初的宪法规定的每隔一段时间之后就集会并制定法律，执行权力仅仅以政府的名义发布依据正当的形式进行议员选举和集会的指令；或当公共领域出现紧急情况，要求修订旧法律，或制定新法律，或矫正和预防任何存在和将威胁人们的不便干扰，这留给执行权力的审慎来决定，通过新的选举来召集立法议员。

There are enough prosecutions to indicate that mischief-making goes on,but not enough to make enforcement appear credible.

虽然足够多的说明书显示这些问题还在继续，但法律的执行力度却远远不够。

This article analyses the unsoundness of the provision on civil ution and the existing problems such as the difficulty and confusion in the civil ution,then argues that it is necessary and feasible for prosecutorial organization to supervise the civil ution, and clarifies that the significance of such supervision.

本文从分析民事执行程序本身法律规定的缺陷以及现实存在的"执行难"和"执行乱"问题着手，就检察机关作为专门的法律监督机关对民事执行活动实行法律监督的必要性和可行性进行了论证，同时阐明了检察机关对民事执行活动实行监督的意义，并对检察机关对民事执行活动监督的范围、方式和程序提出了自己的见解。

"Article 268 In the case of an application or request for recognition and enforcement of a legally effective judgment or written order of a foreign court, the people's court shall, after examining it in accordance with the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China or with the principle of reciprocity and arriving at the conclusion that it does not contradict the basic principles of the law of the People's Republic of China nor violates State sovereignty, security and social and public interest of the country, recognize the validity of the judgment or written order, and, if required, issue a writ of execution to enforce it in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law;"

第二百六十八条人民法院对申请或者请求承认和执行的外国法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定，依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则进行审查后，认为不违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益的，裁定承认其效力，需要执行的，发出执行令，依照本法的有关规定执行。

"Article 268 In the case of an application or request for recognition and enforcement of a legally effective judgment or written order of a foreign court, the peoples court shall, after examining it in accordance with the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the Peoples Republic of China or with the principle of reciprocity and arriving at the conclusion that it does not contradict the basic principles of the law of the Peoples Republic of China nor violates State sovereignty, security and social and public interest of the country, recognize the validity of the judgment or written order, and, if required, issue a writ of execution to enforce it in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law;"

第二百六十八条人民法院对申请或者请求承认和执行的外国法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定，依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则进行审查后，认为不违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益的，裁定承认其效力，需要执行的，发出执行令，依照本法的有关规定执行。

Article 268 In the case of an application or request for recognition and enforcement of a legally effective judgment or written order of a foreign court, the people's court shall, after examining it in accordance with the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China or with the principle of reciprocity and arriving at the conclusion that it does not contradict the basic principles of the law of the People's Republic of China nor violates State sovereignty, security and social and public interest of the country, recognize the validity of the judgment or written order, and, if required, issue a writ of execution to enforce it in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law; if the application or request contradicts the basic principles of the law of the People's Republic of China or violates State sovereignty, security and social and public interest of the country, the people's court shall not recognize and enforce it.

第二百六十八条人民法院对申请或者请求承认和执行的外国法院作出的发生法律效力的判决、裁定，依照中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则进行审查后，认为不违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益的，裁定承认其效力，需要执行的，发出执行令，依照本法的有关规定执行。违反中华人民共和国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益的，不予承认和执行。

And where else could this be so well placed as in his hands, who was intrusted with the execution of the laws for the same end?

还能找到和他一样好的人选吗？对于这个目的谁能交托这种法律的执行权力？

In my opinion the administration of the law is thus prostituted consciously of unconsciously for the benefit of the exploiter.

依我看，法律的执行是为了剥削者的利益而有意无意地被糟踏了。

There are enough prosecutions to indicate that mischief-making goes on,but not enough to make enforcement appear credible.

虽然足够多的说明书显示这些难题还在继续，但法律的执行力度却远远不够。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。