法律的实施

Social spirit not only determines the spirit of law,but also helps to actualization of law.

社会精神不仅决定法律的精神，也有助于法律的有效实施。

First, despite bilateralism's emphasis on the notion of states' legal equality权利的法律平等, as Simma points out,"bilateralism unveils, and even endorses, the crucial dependence of the enforceability可实施,可强制执行,可强迫,可加强 of a State's international legal rights upon a favourable有利的,顺利的,适宜的,前途有望的 distribution of factual power."

首先，尽管双边主义强调国家"权力的法律平等"这一观念，但正如Simma指出的，"双边主义揭示甚至认可，一个国家国际法定权利的履行关键依赖于实际权力的合理分配。"

Starting with the analysis on discriminatory nature of transitional product-specific safeguard clause, in this chapter the paper sets forth its views that this clause has been violating the basic principles of WTO, worsening the trade environment of developing countries and undermining the fair and undicriminating principles of Safeguard Agreement. The paper then make a further analysis on the basic elements of the prerequisite for implementation of the clause and the legislativeactions of other WTO members in a more detailed way and summarizes the irrationalities and harmfulness of the clause.

从特殊保障措施作为"选择性"保障措施的实质入手，指出特殊保障措施的实施与WTO基本原则相悖，将发展中国家置于更加不利的竞争地位，并将破坏保障措施原有的公正性和合理性；然后在具体制度设计的层面上，从基本实施要件和各国特保法律实践的角度分析了特殊保障措施的不公正性和危害性。

Opening the negotiation,Bar-gaining,information ex-change,tactiecs,and per-suasion A.environmental considerations and ground rules for negotiating-contin-ued B.opening the negotiation and making of the case,making arguments,and inventing options C.presenting a favorable conceptualzation of the case,mking arguments,and inventing options D.communication and information ex-change during negotiating sessions E.

第四章详述了法律谈判实施过程中的各种技巧，包括如何设计和布置谈判的综合环境和氛围、如合作开场白、如何做第一轮讨价还价、如何作为自己有利的案情陈述、答辩技巧、如何创造和发现各种备选方案、如何进行沟通和信息交流、诚信问题、如何进行和应对各种威胁、如何设置和规避各种陷阱、如何实施打停结合的谈判策略等等。

Law and morality, being two ways of social management system and having different nature, intercommunicate and have countless ties. The founding and enforcing of law need moral help.

作为社会调控系统中的法律与道德，尽管各具不同特性，但二者又有着紧密的联系，法律的确立和实施都需要有道德的支持。

" There has to be an independent organisation inside the institution whose sole job is to stay on the right side of the law and is incentivised to do the job like the internal affairs division in police departments."

"银行内部一定要有一个始终与法律保持一致的独立机构，它要在一定的激励机制下确保法律得以实施——就像警察局里的内务部。"

Aim at the reality of our country's construction market; the thesis discusses the need and pressure of establishing engineering insurance system. For the problems in developing engineering insurance market, the thesis gives advice on priority of choosing the type of insurance in China, by analyzing main risk in a project, using advanced experience of developed countries, and comparative research. Then, analyze the supervision of engineering insurance, and raise the point of designing the supervising system of it. This can protect its health development. At the same time, compare relative laws in this field in both China and other countries,then give suggestions on juristical problems of carrying out engineering insurance that should be solved immediately. It's the law protection of the system. At last, draw a conclusion at strategy and suggestion of establishing and carrying out the system.

本文针对目前我国建筑工程市场现存的问题，阐述推行工程保险的必要性和紧迫性；针对工程保险市场发展存在的问题，从主要的工程风险分析入手，借鉴国外发达国家的先进经验，在比较研究基础上，提出我国在险种选择和开展优先级别上的建议；在此基础上通过对工程保险监管的分析，提出构建我国工程保险监管制度的构想，从监管的角度为工程保险的发展提供良好的环境；同时再次运用比较的方法，从国内外工程保险相关法律异同分析，提出我国推行工程保险制度待解决的法律问题，为工程保险体系的构建提供法律保障；最后综合提出我国在推行构建工程保险制度的实施策略和建议。

The very function of law is to bring stability and order to the group of people that the laws are enforced upon.

法律的本质功用是给被实施法律的民众带来稳定和秩序。

The author analyzed the development of the system of water environmental standard in European Union, summarized the main standards and policies of it, explained the law characteristics of direct adaptation effect, primacy effect over the laws of member countries, and subsidiarity principle of EU environmental standards, concluded their implementation requirements to member countries, and put forward some suggestions for setting and implementing water environmental standards in China.

分析了欧盟水环境标准体系的发展变革，概述了其中的标准及政策，阐述了欧盟环境标准的直接适应效力、优先于成员国法的效力和从属原则等法律特征，归纳了欧盟环境标准指令在各成员国内的实施要求和欧盟水环境标准的特点，并对中国水环境标准的制定与实施提出了建议。

In the compass of thirty-six years since this great national covenant was instituted a body of laws enacted under its authority and in conformity with its provisions has unfolded its powers and carried into practical operation its effective energies.

自这部伟大的全国公约颁布以来的三十六年里，我们在它的权威之下，根据它地条文规定，制定了一整套法律，这些法律业已显示出威力，并得到卓有成效的实施。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。