法律的

The motive of selecting and approaching the subject is:with a China's objective,jurisprudential and internationalized eye to understand and observe China's system offoreign capital infusion,to define the concept of China's law on foreign direct investment,to solve some problems in China's current law on enterprises with foreign investment,to makesome researches on the basic theory of foreign direct investment,and to providetheoretical criterion to establish a new legal system and framework of China's foreigndirect investment.

本文选题和探讨的动机是，以客观的、法学的、国际化的眼光了解和观察中国的外国资本引入制度，确立在社会主义市场经济条件下中国外国直接投资法的概念，解决中国现行的外商投资企业法中存在的一些问题，研究外国直接投资法律的基本理论，为建立新的中国外国直接投资法律体系和框架提供理论依据。

They endeavour to prove that the ancient charter...were nothing more than a re-affirmance of the still more ancient standing law of the kingdom.... In the famous law...called the Petition of Right, the parliament says to the king,"Your subjects have inherited this freedom," claiming their franchises not on abstract principles "as the rights of men," but as the rights of Englishmen, and as a patrimony derived from their forefathers.

他们竭力在说明这份古老的宪章···不外乎就是王国的更古老的法律的重新确立···在这份众所周知的法律中···一种叫做请愿的权利，国会对国王说："你的臣民已经继承了这种自由"，这宣称了他们的权利不是建于更抽象的"人的权利"原则之上，而是"英国人的权利"，是从他们先辈那里继承的遗产。

The question is this: Which is the wisest course for the Latter-day Saints to pursue—to continue to attempt to practice plural marriage, with the laws of the nation against it and the opposition of sixty millions of people, and at the cost of the confiscation and loss of all the Temples, and the stopping of all the ordinances therein, both for the living and the dead, and the imprisonment of the First Presidency and Twelve and the heads of families in the Church, and the confiscation of personal property of the people (all of which of themselves would stop the practice); or, after doing and suffering what we have through our adherence to this principle to cease the practice and submit to the law, and through doing so leave the Prophets, Apostles and fathers at home, so that they can instruct the people and attend to the duties of the Church, and also leave the Temples in the hands of the Saints, so that they can attend to the ordinances of the Gospel, both for the living and the dead?

这个问题是这样子的：哪一个才是后期圣徒最明智的方向？继续尝试多重婚姻，即使在国家法律的抵挡，六千万人民的反对，承受财产被没收和失去所有的圣殿，和所有在其中的给活人和死人仪式，还有总会会长团、十二使徒和教会家庭的领袖们的被关的情况之下（在这些情况之下仍然会停止继续多重婚姻）？或者，在因我们固执於这个原则的实行并为此受苦之后停止多重婚姻并且服从法律，这样子让我们的先知、使徒、和父亲们留在家里，所以他们可以教导人群参与教会圣工职责并让圣殿留在圣徒的手中，所以他们可以参与给活人和死人的福音的仪式？

For, such banished man is entirely cut off from society; and such a monk, upon his profession, renounces solemnly all secular concerns: and besides, as the popish clergy exclaimed an exemption from the duties of civil life, and the commands of the temporal magistrate, the genius of the English law would not suffer those persons to enjoy the benefits of society, who secluded themselves from it, and refused to submit to its regulations.25 A monk is therefore accounted civiliter mortuus , and when he enters into religion may, like other dying men, make his testament and executors; or, if he makes none, the ordinary may grant administration to his next of kin, as if he were actually dead intestate.

因为，这样被驱逐的人完全的与社会隔绝；这样的修士，基于他的宣誓，庄严的放弃了所有世俗的社会关系：此外，既然天主教神职人员宣称免除世俗生命的责任并免受世俗管理者的命令，英格兰法律的精神便不能忍受这些人再享受世俗社会的好处，他们将自己与社会隔绝开来，并拒绝服从社会的约束。所以，修士被视为法律上的死亡，当他进入宗教，如同其他将死的人一样，可以确定他的遗嘱和遗嘱执行人；如果他没有确定，遗嘱官员可以将财产管理权力授予他最近的亲属，如同实际上未立遗嘱而死亡的情况。

To our tolerance of such a system there would indeed be some limit; but even if we were convinced that the social danger of the evasion of punishment through false pleas were overwhelming, and were forced to extend the area of strict liability, we would wittingly be choosing between two distinct principles: the utilitarian principle which justifies punishment by its propensity to protect society from harm, and a principle of justice which requires us to confine punishment to those who have broken the law and had at least some minimum capacity to comply with it.

对我们之于这样一种制度的容忍，确实有某种限度，但是，即使我们确信，通过虚假的辩解逃避惩罚的社会危险是无法抵抗的，并被迫扩大严格义务的范围，我们也会有意地在两个不同的原则中选择：通过保护社会免受损害的倾向来征明惩罚之正当性的功利主义原则，以及要求我们将惩罚只限于已违反法律并至少具有遵守法律的某种最低限度的能力的人的正义原则。

维持原判,Tindal CJ 提出了三条界定方式,沿用至今:"To establish a defence on the ground of insanity it must be clearly proved that, at the time of the committing of the act the party accused was labouring under such a defect of reason, from disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, or if he did know it, that he did not know he was doing what was wrong".

意为：犯罪之时，出于精神上的疾病；不了解所做之事的本质是何；不理解所做之事是不正当的。这其中第一条是必要条件，第二与第三条满足之一即可）。庭上要有人指认他的精神病史，并精神病学专家出庭作证。个人认为，这给法律的公正性加了许多水分。能够指认精神病史的，必定是熟识被告的亲朋好友，证据真实性有待查究。其次对于专家证据，一些权威总比另一些权威更具权威性，而法律是基于伦理道德以及常识的决断，不该被引入攀比权威的歧途。此外我个人认为，任何犯罪，小到行窃大到杀人放火，都是人类不正当的心理因素引发的过激的生理行为。我们怎么能为其中的一些人，由于他们的心理太过不正当，而对他们的生理行为从轻处决？物极而反么？即便如此，这条界线又该划在哪里才是合理的呢？

It is stipulated by The Code of Criminal Procedure of the People''s Republic of China, the 42nd item; The Civil Procedure Act of the People''s Republic of China, the 63rd item; and the Code of Administrative Procedure of the People''s Republic of China, the 31St item, that the audio-video material is an independent kind of evidence, so established the legal effect of it, symbol the development and the perfect of our country''s socialist law, Being a new type of evidence, audio-video material needs our study, probation and practice deeply, carefully and urgently, summing up the successful experience and failure moral, and then forming the comrades'' common interest, enriching and partaking the system of evidence science, developing it higher and wider; filling the vitality of the action of procedure, broadening the buglers'' outlook, raising the quality and level of enforcing the law.

中文文摘《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第四十二条、《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十三条、《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》第三十一条，都明确规定视听资料是一种独立的证据种类，确立了视听资料的法律地位。它标志着我国社会主义法律的不断提高和完善。视听资料作为一种新型证据，不论在理论研究方面，还是在司法实践中的具体运用，都迫切需要进行深入细致的研究、探讨和实践，随时，总结成功的经验和失败的教训，形成共识，不断丰富和完善证据学体系，使这一方兴未艾的证据形式向更高级更广阔的领域发展。填补这一领域的空白，为诉讼活动，带来生机和活力，开拓司法人员的视野，提高执法质量和执法水平。

Finally, in the matter of marriage, the council restricted the force of the law which forbade marriage between in-laws related through sinful sex relations,[8] between those related through a brother or sister's solemn espousals, or by the spiritual relationship set up through the sacrament of baptism--the council frankly admitted that the number of these prohibitions had become an occasion of sin to very many, of invalid marriages, for example, contracted in ignorance, which the partners refused to abandon, and which could not be broken off without danger of further sin.

最后，在这件事的婚姻时，会限制了法律的力量，其中禁止婚姻关系中的法律相关透过罪孽深重的性别关系， [ 8 ]之间的相关通过一个弟弟或妹妹的严正espousals ，或由精神关系成立，通过圣事的洗礼-安理会坦然承认，有多少这些禁令已经成为一个场合的罪过很多，无效婚姻，例如，在承包的无知，而合作伙伴始终不肯放弃，并不能中断，在无危险的进一步罪过。

Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

主要内容是：国会不得制定剥夺公民的言论、出版、和平集会和请愿等自由的法律；公民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受非法的搜查或扣押；非依法律的正当程序，不得剥夺任何人的自由、生命或财产，以及司法程序上的一些民主权利等。

Soon after, various progressive environmental laws were enacted, including a groundbreaking legal recognition in 1985 of a civil public action to defend diffuse interests in environmental matters, locus standi being extended to the emerging NGOs .

不久之后，各种进步的环境法律的制定，包括1985年为维护公众被剥夺的环境权益的民事诉讼中所达成的开拓性法律共识，和形成的非政府组织也得到公认的正式地位。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。