法律理论

Formal rationality is requirements that legal obligation itself demands, for example, universality, fairness, explicitness and compatibility, while substantial rationality means that legal obligation should conform to legal right in necessarity and adequateness, for the latter of which two criteria utilitarianism and humanitarianism are offered.

这又关涉到了法律学的基本理论问题——在法律权利和法律义务中，谁更为一般的概念。笔者通过对义务概念理论和权利概念理论的梳理，认为法律权利为更为一般的概念。包括法律义务在的其它法律概念都是以法律权利为基础展开的。因此，法律义务合理与否只能由法律权利来评定。

The purpose of this research is to theoretically inspect the social assistance legal institutions' historical changes and theoretical basis, the operative effectiveness of Chinese relative institutions and the legislative idea of Chinese social assistance according to the concept of economic law and in the light of social distributive law, in order to widen the theoretical achievements in the research of economic law and provide some theoretical support for the legislation of Chinese social assistance.

本文以社会救助法律制度为研究对象，研究的目的是以经济法的理念和社会分配法的视角对社会救助法律制度的历史变迁、理论基础、我国相关法律制度运行绩效以及我国社会救助立法构想进行一次全面系统深入的理论检视，以期丰富经济法的理论研究成果，并为我国社会救助立法提供理论支持。

Part two is about the analysis of theoretical basis for the social assistance legal institutions,which includes their department classification,their analysis of basic concept,their theoretical support and their analysis of value,and so on.The author holds that they regulate the redistributive economic relations requiring state intervenes appropriately and reflected by the actions of social assistance,they reflect and determine the implication and distribution of the redistributive economic relations,meanwhile they reflect and determine the distribution and direction of the benefits of social assistance intervened by state appropriately.Their appearance expresses the legal connection created for the poverty phenomena between state and the poor,so these legal institutions should be classified into the department of social distributive law in economic law which reflect the essence of economic law that state intervenes the economic relations required intervention appropriately.

第二部分是社会救助法律制度的理论基础分析，其中包括社会救助法律制度部门归属辨、社会救助法律制度的基本理念剖析、社会救助法律制度的理论支持以及社会救助法律制度的价值分析等内容，认为社会救助法律制度规制了由社会救助行为所反映出来的这种需要国家适度干预的再分配经济关系，反映并决定了这种再分配经济关系的牵连和分布，同时反映和决定了在国家适度干预下相关社会救助利益的分配和流向，其出现媒介了国家和贫困者之间因为贫困现象而生成的法律关系，这一法律制度归属于经济法部门中的社会分配法律制度子部门，明显地体现着经济法的本质属性——国家对需要干预的经济关系的适度干预。

Chapter Five presents various pitfalls of legal translation such as incongruency in plurilingual nations, limitation of translatability, domestication and foreignization, paradox of precision and indeterminacy and the changing role of the legal translator.

再次，论述法律翻译与普通翻译理论的差异性，重点探讨了Catford、Nida、Vermeer等翻译学家倡导的普通翻译理论能否实际应用于法律翻译领域并取得期望效果，以及法律翻译目标的重新定位等理论问题。

From theories on the quasi-public goods and the relationship between government and market, the study uses the theoretical research,"case studies and comparative analysis methods to reach a definition on two concepts :market and legal services,and analyst the seven issues of the legal service market,and then it points out the main reasons: the unaccurate definition of legal services products nature, the backwardness of China"s legal construction,the external effects of the legal service market and Chinas imperfect administrative reforms.

本文采用理论研究、比较分析和案例研究方法相结合，从法律服务和市场两个概念出发，运用准公共产品理论和政府与市场关系理论对法律服务业存在的七大问题进行了深入分析，指出对法律服务产品的定性不准、中国法治建设的后发性、法律服务市场的外部效应、中国行政体制改革不完善是导致法律服务市场秩序混乱的主要原因。

The third, according to the distinction theory, it is necessary to inspect law as a bad man to find out what consequence it will bring to us. In another word, the prophecies of what the court will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the law. In the gradation of practice, it is the practical use of distinction theory on the practice of law to use the external standard to judge the establishment of liability, which makes the practical value of the theory more clear.

第三，基于这一分离理论，我们有必要从一个坏人而非好人的角度审视法律、审视法律可能会带给自己的后果，即把法律看作是&法院事实上将做什么的预言，而不是其他什么东西&；就实践层面而言，在责任成立与否的判断上运用外在标准则是将法律与道德分离理论应用到了司法实践上，更加凸显了分离理论的实践意义。

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL LAW is a specialty course designed for fourth-year undergraduates with MONETARY BANKING as its prerequisite.

本课程在法学院国际经济法专业本科四年级的教学计划中，是集法律理论和业务知识于一体的必修专业课。

Then, the thesis analyses theories of mortgage, corrects mistakes in the theory of Ownership and Security, and tries to explain the mortgagers right with expectant right.

接着，对按揭的理论基础进行分析，纠正所有权构成理论和担保权构成理论导致的偏差，以期待权法律地位重新界定按揭人的权利，并以按揭的担保本质和按揭人的期待权法律地位对按揭的法律构成予以解释，为当事人双方的权利义务关系寻求平衡点。

The necessity of solemnising the sacra forms no part of the theory of civil law but they are under the separate jurisdiction of the College of Pontiffs.

举行庄严家祭的必要性已不再成为民事法律理论的一部分，它们改属&教长会&的各别管辖之下。

Chapter Ⅲ: Analyzes the principles and rules to decide the scope of damage, such as the principle of complete indemnification, principle of conventional damage, principle of foreseeability, rule of contributory negligence, rule of mitigation of damage and rule of balancing out increase and decrease, focus on their meaning, basis and function.

首先对赔偿原则与归责原则做出比较，指出归责原则指导并制约着赔偿原则，但不直接决定违约损害赔偿的范围。之后对违约损害赔偿范围的各原则分别阐述，并联系我国法律理论与我国司法实践，对各个赔偿原则在实际运用过程中应注意的问题做出探讨。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。