法律理论

The research methods adopted in the article include:a historical and comparative method is used while tracing the history of mortgage;combing theory with practice to raise problems, expounding the research object and target in consideration of practice, furthermore, making use of method of comparison and reasoning to analyze legal character of expective right and striving for smooth and compactness of legal reasoning and tight system;and adopting the method of combing theory with practice and the way of comparison to solve the problem , focusing on feasibility of the method,with an expectation to make the commercial housing mortgage clear and comprehensive to the public, and hope that this will be of some help to our legis

本文采用的研究方法：对于按揭的历史渊源问题，采用了历史的、比较的方法；对于问题的提出，采用了理论与实践相结合的方法，从实践活动的需要出发，对本文的研究对象和目的作出阐述；对于期待权的法律性质分析，采用了比较和推理分析的研究方法，力求法理通畅和严谨，注重体系的严密；对于解决问题的途径设计，采用了理论联系实际的方法，注重可行性，以期对我国的楼花按揭制度有比较全面和清晰的认识，同时也希望对我国的物权立法有所帮助。

This dissertation covers the study of Path dependency on whichChinese monetary system changes in the process of its gradually economicstructural reform, and the examination of the future changes and strategicchoices for Chinese monetary system in its new stage, the foregoingprovides an essential basis for furthering Chinese economic structuralreform and establishing a highly efficient and rational monetary system withan effective operation and also is a theoretical task not to be evaded ineconomic sociology and social theory.

本文考察了中国渐进式经济体制改革过程中的金融制度变迁的路径依赖，并对新时期中国金融制度未来变迁和战略选择进行探讨，这是推进中国经济体制改革深化发展，把中国金融体制构建得高效合理，运转有效的重要前提，也是经济社会学和社会理论不应回避的理论任务。金融制度是一个国家通过法律、规章制度和货币政策等形式所确定的金融体系结构，以及组成这一体系的各要素之间的职责分工、相互关系及其各自的行为规则。

The thesis is composed of preface, straight matter and conclusion. The straight matter includes 5 parts. Part 1 mainly defines the concept, characters, and patterns of parallel import of trademark goods. Part 2 sets forth the causes and influences of parallel import of trademark goods in deep-seated angle. Part 3 undertakes nomological analysis to parallel import of trademark goods. Part 4 inspects the attitude view of international treaty, America, the Europe Union and Japan over the parallel import of the trademark goods. Part 5 firstly reviews the present PRC laws of parallel import of trademark goods, and puts forward legal suggestions on problems arising from the parallel import of trademark goods.

本文首先对商标产品平行进口的概念、特征及典型形式进行界定，为后面论述的展开提供了一个广阔的平台；其次，从比较深层的角度论述了商标产品平行进口的成因及影响；接着，对商标产品的平行进口进行了法理分析，探讨了解决商标产品平行进口的传统理论，并提出了新的解决商标产品平行进口的理论基础：商标功能和竞争政策；然后，考察了国际公约、美国、欧盟和日本在商标产品平行进口问题上的相关立法和司法判例；最后，回顾了商标产品平行进口在我国的法律现状，并对我国今后应该如何应对商标产品平行进口问题提出了规制原则和立法建议。

Chapter two, The Contributions of the Authority Thesis to Legal Philosophy, expatiates that the Authority Thesis complemented and developed legal positivistic theory.

第二章&权威命题对法学理论的贡献&，阐述了权威命题对法律实证主义理论的补充与发展。

Based on classifies of the Electronic Business modes, this article deeply studies about four types of tax structures for operating models, studies the prominent problems of traditional collection management mode in business e-commerce and individual e-commerce through positive analysis. At the same time, it researches the countermeasure about business or individual Electronic Business taxation collection management from tax theory, tax policy, tax system, and tax practice, finds the modern tax collection management mode in the Electronic Business environment. The further way, to make the theories more feasible, effective and scientific, it proofreads the new collection management mode through the social investigations, puts forward the corresponding policies and rules which demanded by the Electronic Business taxation collection management mode.

本文在对电子商务环境下的税收理论进行研究的基础上，综述了国内外电子商务税收征管研究成果，针对我国电子商务的发展，对电子商务业务模式进行了分类，深入剖析了四种主要业务模式的税收结构，并以此为切入点，通过实证分析，系统地研究了传统征管模式在企业和个人两大类型的电子商务活动中所存在的税收征管突出问题，同时从税收理论、政策、制度和实践等方面，探究了企业和个人电子商务的税收征管对策，建立了电子商务环境下的税收征管模式；在此基础上，通过社会问卷调查，进一步校正新的征管模式，使其具有可行性、有效性和科学性，进而提出了电子商务的税收征管模式所要求的配套政策和法律。

Firstly, based on the individualism and social spontaneous order, Hayek reconstructed and supplements the premise of the classical liberalism, and redemonstrated the legitimacy of nation to exist; Secondly, Hayek criticized the ideology of the legal positivism and reconstructed the system of constitutionalism; At last, the author makes some simple criticism on Hayek's theory.

本文的主要内容包括以下几个方面：第一，哈耶克对古典自由主义的前提进行重建与补充，即把国家理论奠基于个人主义与社会自发秩序两大前提之上，重新论证了国家的合法性；第二，哈耶克通过对法律实证主义思想的批判，对宪政体制进行了重构；同时他还对国际关系中的国家也作了一些探讨；第三，本文对哈耶克的理论作了一些简单的评述。

The analysis and exploration of the duty of prudence owned by the manager of the pension fund in the Anglo-American law system not only benefit the construction and improvement of the legal institution of the pension fund investment in China,but also perform the function of richening the idea of general private law and correctly understanding the social law theory.

对英美养老基金管理人所负的谨慎人义务内容的分析探讨，不仅有助于我国当前养老基金投资法律制度的建设和完善，而且对于丰富一般私法理论观念，正确认识社会法理论等方面都具有重要的现实意义。

Therefore, this paper ,by the scope of the establishment of basic principles and systems, development and function of Chinese environment law, conducts deep research systematically. Combined with Chinese environmental current situation and present issues, and using the foreign advanced experience for reference, this paper ponders over the principles and basic systems adjustment of Chinese environment law. This aims at expounding necessity and significance of systemizing Chinese environmental law and environmental system mutually under current situation, and providing the important theoretical accordance and policy direction. This paper draws support from the gigantic effect of law in order to restrain the trend of ecological environmental deterioration effectively, make the ecological environmental awareness strike root in the hearts of the people, provide valuable intangible assets for the continuous development of national economy, and provide deeper theoretical reference for environment protection development in our country.

因此，本文力求透过中国环境法的基本原则和制度的产生、发展和功能以及法律体现这一视角，进行系统深入的研究，结合中国环境保护现状及存在问题进行探讨，借鉴国外先进经验，对中国环境法的原则和基本制度的调整进行思考，旨在阐明当今形势下加强我国环境立法与环境制度相成体系的必要性和现实意义，为环境法制建设提供重要理论依据和政策指导，借助于法制的巨大作用去有效遏制生态环境恶化的趋向，并使生态环境意识深入人心，为国民经济持续发展提供宝贵的无形资产，为我国环境保护的&入世&提供较深层次的理论参考。

Using a study on foundings of Silicon Valley law firms, I propose and test an organizational theory on the genealogical persistence of gender inequality that emphasizes the routines and experiences that founders transfer from their parent firms to their new firms.

本文采纳硅谷法律公司的一项研究发现，提出并且检验了一个关于性别歧视的系谱持续性的组织理论，该理论强调企业创立者从他们的母公司转移到新公司的常规和经验。

So to strengthen theoretical study on effectiveness of judicial decisions, to cultivate the ideal of judicial effectiveness of judgement adjusting to modern justice system, is not only the urgent demands both for legislation and juridical practice, but also the external desire to achieve the goal managing state affairs ipso jure.

加强裁判效力理论研究，完善裁判效力法律体系，培养与现代司法相适应的裁判效力理念，既是理论完善的需要，更是立法和司法实践的迫切要求，也是实现我国依法治国目标的客观需要。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。