法律案件

In criminal cases, legal aid is available for representation in proceedings in the Court of First Instance and the District Court, in committal proceedings in the Magistrates' Courts, in appeals from the Magistrates' Courts, and in appeals to the Court of Appeal and the Court of Final Appeal .

法律援助署为刑事诉讼提供的法律援助，有原讼法庭及区域法院审理的案件、裁判法院进行的初级侦讯、就裁判法院的裁决提出上诉的案件，以及向上诉法庭及终审法院上诉的案件。

The Supreme Court shall also have appellate jurisdiction from the circuit courts and courts of the several states, in the cases herein after specially provided for; and shall have power to issue writs of prohibition to the district courts, when proceeding as courts of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, and writs of mandamus, in cases warranted by the principles and usages of law, to any courts appointed, or persons holding office, under the authority of the United States

最高法院还拥有受理来自巡回法院及各州法院的上诉案件的上诉司法管辖权；并且当联邦地区法院在受理海事案件的时候，最高法院有权向他们签发禁止令状；最高法院还有权在依照法律原则和习惯处理案件的时候，向任何指定的法院，任何在任的官员签发训令状。（从来没翻译过法律文书，自己看得懂，翻译出来真要命了

The validity of sumption depends on the relation that sumption agrees with minor premise, when the new or difficult case that has not stated by legal regulation appears in the legal practice, legal principle can be used as legal criterion, the legal criterion as sumption constitutes of legal regulation and legal principle.

大前提的有效性取决于它与小前提的契合关系。当法律实践中出现法律规则没有规定的新型案件或疑难案件时，法律原则也可以当作法律规范适用，作为大前提的法律规范是由法律规则和法律原则组成的。

In determining the scope of this rule, aid would be afforded by the analogy, in the law of libel and slander, of cases which deal with the qualified privilege of comment and criticism on matters of public and general interest.There are of course difficulties in applying such a rule; but they are inherent in the subject-matter, and are certainly no greater than those which exist in many other branches of the law,-- for instance, in that large class of cases in which the reasonableness or unreasonableness of an act is made the test of liability.

在确定的范围，这条规则时，援助将所提供的比喻，在法律上的诽谤和诬蔑，对案件的处理，符合条件的特权，评论和批评对公益事项和一般interest.there是当然困难运用这样的规则，但他们固有的主题事项的，是肯定不会比那些存在于许多其他学科的法律-例如，在这一大类案件中，是否合理或不合理的行为是考验的法律责任。

A great number of private prosecution cases still need go through the three steps including investigation, prosecution and trial. Thus, the idea of justice and efficiency pursued bythe judiciary is too far from the actual practice on the light crimes in China. It is quite necessary, therefore, to absorb the rational factors in foreign criminal proceeding institutions on solving the light crime cases into the provisions on private prosecution in Chinas criminal proceeding law, and promote the application in judicial practice, and finally perfect and renovate them in the level of institution design.Establishment of reconciliation cesser secta axiom.

综上，虽然我国刑诉法及相关解释规定了8类轻微刑事案件可以自诉，但在实践中由于种种原因，真正通过自诉的途径解决的案件却微乎其微，大量的可以自诉的轻微犯罪案件仍需经过侦查、起诉、审判三道程序来终结，司法所追求的公正和效率的理念与我国现行对轻微犯罪的规制实践相去甚远，因此，在现有的法律框架内，参照我国刑事诉讼法关于自诉程序的规定，吸收国外刑事诉讼制度中解决轻微刑事案件诉讼效率的合理因素，在司法实践中加以倡导适用、在制度设计上加以完善创新是很有必要：确立和解终结诉讼原则。

The validity of sumption depends on the relation that sumption agrees with minor premise,when the new or difficult case that has not stated by legal regulatio...

当法律实践中出现法律规则没有规定的新型案件或疑难案件时，法律原则也可以当作法律规范适用，作为大前提的法律规范是由法律规则和法律原则组成的。

The thesis thinks the present conditions and characteristics of appeals for help involved in lawsuit are that appellants are nature persons primarily, appealing causes are to refuse to accept decisions and reflect to execute improperly, cases type are civil cases primarily, as well as showing those characteristics that appeal case are getting long-term, group appeal are getting organizing and appeal action are getting non-rationalizing and so on from the angle of a judge who is engaged in the administration of justice, and on the basis of relevant data which are a case of appeals for help involved in lawsuit of two level courts and centralized dealing ways of autonomous prefectures.

论文导师刘志坚，论文学位硕士，论文专业法律论文单位兰州大学，点击次数 2，论文页数 59页File Size2592K本文从一个从事审判工作的法官的角度出发，以自治州两级法院涉诉上访案件的个案及自治州涉法上访集中处理的有关资料为基础分析认为涉诉上访的现状及特点是上访人以自然人为主、上访事由以不服判决和反映执行不力为主、案件类型以民事案件为主，同时呈现出上访案件长期化、群体上访组织化、上访行为非理性化等特点。

From the nature of legal relationship,the later type is not civil case but constitution case,the relation between disputers of two sides are not civil legal realtionship between subjects of equality but constitution realtionship between supervision and being supervised.

从法律关系的性质看，体现表达自由与公共权力冲突的新闻侵权案件，不是民事案件，而是宪法案件；纠纷双方不是平等主体之间的民事法律关系，而是监督与被监督的宪法关系。

So, detailed legislative provisions of the "interpretation" on how to apply a law or how to apply a law to a particular kind of cases or issues are as same as the legislative "regulation" aiming at legislative blank are actually lawmaking, and the Supreme People's Court should not do them; reform judicial interpretation of "reply" and make it be apt to legal comprehension and application; absorb judge-made law reasonable factors and endow the typical cases of the Supreme People's Court with judicial interpretative effect.

因此，对某一法律或者对某一类案件、某一类问题如何适用法律的立法条文式的细化性&解释&和针对立法空白直接做出的立法性&规定&，其实质仍是一种立法活动，最高人民法院应当取消；改革&批复&形式的司法解释，使之更倾向于对法律的理解与适用，而不是案件结果的处理；吸收判例法的合理因素，赋予最高人民法院的典型案例以司法解释的效力。

Achievements: 1997-2000, planned, organized lodging claims against a German shipyard under a shipbuilding contract and won the arbitration case conducted by London Maritime Arbitrators' Association; 1999-2004, Represented CMC to participate five arbitration cases before CIETAC with satisfactory outcome for each;2001-2002, participated in negotiations as the leading counsel and successfully concluded contracts for several projects, including: a Cairo Cement Project (CMC as the general contractor, contractual value at US$65 million), Egypt; and b Barapukuria Power Plant Project (CMC as the general contractor, contractual value at US$220 million), Bangladesh.2002, participated in negotiations of equipment and technology transfer of Gas-Turbine between CNTIC and GE, successfully concluded contract; planned, organized lodging claim against BK a German company and recovered 15 million USD.2004, participated the tender project of nuclear power plant and technology transfer, particularly in designing the transaction structure; 2005, planned, organized solution of a dispute between CMC and a Danish company in a project under NORDIC loan and represented CMC to appear before SCC Arbitration Institute; 2005-2006, organized and participated legal work as the leading counsel for CMC the contractor in Turkish high speed railway project.

主要业务成果： 1997-2000年参与德国政府贷款船舶进口项目争议的解决，策划、组织了对外商索赔并赢得了由伦敦海事仲裁庭审理的仲裁案；作为代理人参加了5起贸仲仲裁案件和多起国内诉讼案件，均获得较好审理结果；2001-2002年参与出口埃及水泥厂项目和出口孟加拉坑口电站等多个海外项目，进行法律风险评估，参加合同谈判，修改合同文本并出具法律意见，促成交易；2002年参与燃气轮机打捆招标项目，审核合同文件，参加了与美国GE公司的谈判，成功签约；策划、参与对德国BK公司的索赔，成功获偿1530万美元；2004年参与核电站及技术转让招标项目，参与设计交易结构、审核相关合同文件；2005年作为代理人组织、参与了与丹麦公司因北欧投资银行项目产生争议在瑞典斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院的仲裁案；2005-2006年主持、领导土耳其安伊高速铁路项目中方总包方的法律工作，包括包括参与设计交易安排，参与组织行政复审、司法复审程序等。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。