法律权利或权力

Certain government departments that possess administrative monopolies that limit competition misuse their power, and go beyond the legal limit of their authority to break up or seal off the market.

某些具有限制竞争的行政垄断权的政府部门滥用他们的权利，甚至超越其权力的法律限度，破坏或封锁市场。

Secondly,* The legislative, or supreme authority, cannot assume to itself a power to rule by extemporary arbitrary decrees, but is bound to dispense justice, and decide the rights of the subject by promulgated standing laws, and known authorized judges: for the law of nature being unwritten, and so no where to be found but in the minds of men, they who through passion or interest shall miscite, or misapply it, cannot so easily be convinced of their mistake where there is no established judge: and so it serves not, as it ought, to determine the rights, and fence the properties of those that live under it, especially where every one is judge, interpreter, and executioner of it too, and that in his own case: and he that has right on his side, having ordinarily but his own single strength, hath not force enough to defend himself from injuries, or to punish delinquents.

第二，立法权力或最高权力，不能自认为是通过即兴的肆意的法令来统治的权力，而只能局限于衡量正义（衡量罪行与惩罚是否相当，衡量伤害与补偿是否相当），并由公布的恒定法律和已知被授权的法官来裁定臣民之间的权利：因为自然法并非成文，所以只能在人们的思想中找到它们，在没有设立法官的地方，由于人们充满了激情或利益的考虑便会错误引证或应用自然法，从而就不能那么容易的确定他们的错误了：这样一来立法权力就不是服务于——它本来应该如此——裁定权利，保护生活于其下的臣民的财产，特别是在他自己的事件中，每个人都是审判者，解释者和执行者：有权利的一方，通常仅仅只能依靠他自己的力量，没有足够的力量来保护自己免于伤害，或者去惩罚犯罪者。

Humbly show unto our Sovereign Lord the King, the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in Parliament assembles, that whereas it is declared and enacted by a statute made in the time of the reign of King Edward I, commonly called Stratutum de Tellagio non Concedendo, that no tallage or aid shall be laid or levied by the king or his heirs in this realm, without the good will and assent of the archbishops, bishops, earls, barons, knights, burgesses, and other the freemen of the commonalty of this realm; and by authority of parliament holden in the five-and-twentieth year of the reign of King Edward III, it is declared and enacted, that from thenceforth no person should be compelled to make any loans to the king against his will, because such loans were against reason and the franchise of the land; and by other laws of this realm it is provided, that none should be charged by any charge or imposition called a benevolence, nor by such like charge; by which statute:（efore mentioned, and other the good laws and statutes of this realm, your :（cts have inherited this freedom, that they should not be compelled to contribute to any tax, tallage, aid, or other like charge not set by common consent, in parliament.

，谦卑的呈给本次国会集会的我们世间的王，贵族院，以及众院，鉴于爱德华一世（1239 – 1307）国王统治期间制定的一部条令——通常称为"Stratutum de Tellagio non Concedendo"——所宣称和颁布的：若没有善意和王国内大主教，主教，厄尔，巴仁，骑士，自由民，以及平民中其他的自由民的同意，我们王国内的国王或者国王的继承人不得摊派或征收租税和援助；又爱德华三世（1312 – 1377）统治的第二十五年通过国会所拥有的权力所宣称和颁布的：自此，不得强迫任何人违背他的意愿借贷与国王，因为这样的借贷违背了理性和世上的权利；以及依据我们王国内提供的其它法律，不得以一种被称作捐税的索取征收任何东西，亦不得通过诸如此类的索取；依据以上提到的法律，以及其它王国内的善法和条令，你的臣民已经继承了这种自由，即他们不应当被强迫提供任何税款，租税，援助，或者其它没有国会共同同意的类似索取。

But as, under civilized governments which are calculated for the peace of mankind, such a constitution would be productive of endless disturbances, the universal law of almost every nation (which is a kind of secondary law of nature) has either given the dying person a power of continuing his property, by disposing of his possessions by will; or, in case he neglects to dispose of it, or is not permitted to make any disposition at all, the municipal law of the country then steps in, and declares who shall be the successor, representative, or heir of the deceased; that is, who alone shall have a right to enter upon this vacant possession, in order to avoid that confusion, which its becoming again common would occasion.10 And farther, in case no testament be permitted by the law, or none be made, and no heir can be found so qualified as the law requires, still, to prevent the robust title of occupancy from again taking place, the doctrine of escheats is adopted in almost every country; whereby the sovereign of the state, and those who claim under his authority, are the ultimate heirs, and succeed to those inheritances, to which no other title can be formed.

但是因为，在最多只能为了人类和平的文明政府之下，这样的制度将会产生无穷无尽的混乱，所以几乎每个国家的普遍法律要么给与将死的人一种权力来继续他的财产权，依他的意志来处置他的财产；要么，他忽略了对它们的处置，或者不允许对它们进行任何处置，那么，国家的自治法律便进入，并宣布谁应当成为死者的后继者，代理人或继承人；即，唯有谁能够拥有权利进入这个所有者空缺的财产位置，以避免这些财产再一次进入共有状态将引起的混乱。进一步而言，在法律禁止订立遗嘱，或没有订立遗嘱，且不能找到符合法律所要求资格的继承者的情况下，为了阻止再次产生占有资格的问题，在几乎所有的国家都采用了&所有权重归领主&（escheat：最初来源于为避免土地处于废弃和无主的状态，土地的所有权重归上一级的封地领主）的原则；据此，国家的君主或声称为他的下级的人，便成为继承人的最后的选择，并实际继承那些遗产，对此没有别的资格。

VII. And whereas also by authority of parliament, in the five-and-twentieth year of the reign of King Edward III, it is declared and enacted, that no man shall be forejudged of life or limb against the form of the Great Charter and the law of the land; and by the said Great Charter and other the laws and statutes of this your realm, no man ought to be adjudged to death but by the laws established in this your realm, either by the customs of the same realm, or by acts of parliament;and whereas no offender of what kind soever is exempted from the proceedings to be used, and punishments to be inflicted by the laws and statutes of this your realm; nevertheless of late time divers commissions under your Majesty's great seal have issued forth, by which certain persons have been assigned and appointed commissioners with power and authority to proceed within the land, according to the justice of martial law, against such soldiers or mariners, or other dissolute persons joining with them, as should commit any murder, robbery, felony, mutiny, or other outrage or misdemeanor whatsoever, and by such summary course and order as is agreeable to martial law, and is used in armies in time of war, to proceed to the trial and condemnation of such offenders, and them to cause to be executed and put to death according to the law martial.

鉴于在爱德华国王三世统治的第二十五年，通过国会的权力宣称和颁布：不得违背大宪章和世上法律的形式，未经审判而处置任何人的生命和肢体；又据大宪章和其它王国内的法律和条令，除依本王国已确定之法律或习俗或国会法案，任何人不得被判处死刑；无论何种罪人，都不得被剥夺接受诉讼程序的权利，也不得免除王国内的法律和条令施加的惩罚；然而近来，若干国王委托函签发，据此指定某些人担当代理人在王国内行使权力，根据军事法律的审判，对这样的海陆军士兵或其他加入他们的放肆人等，连同谋杀，抢劫，重罪，叛变，或其它暴行或轻罪，一律通过如在战争时期军队中使用的军事法律一样的简略的程序和规则，来审理和判决这些罪人，并依据军事法律处以死刑。

T To maintain, manage, deal with, dispose of and subject to the provisions of this Our Supplemental Charter and of the Statutes to invest all the property, money, assets and rights of the University in such stocks, funds, shares, securities or investments whatsoever and wheresoever situate (whether authorised by the general law for the investment of trust moneys or not so authorised) as the University shall think fit or in the purchase of land in Our United Kingdom whether by way of investment or for occupation and subject or not subject to leases or tenancies and to vary any investments including the realization of existing investments and to re-invest the net proceeds of the realization, provided that in the case of moneys held by the University as trustee the powers hereby conferred shall be exercised subject to the provisions of the law relating to investment by trustees.

对一切财产，金钱，资产和学校权利用于在股票，基金，股份，债券或无论何种何处（不论是否由信托资金投资一般法授权与否）校方认为合适的投资，或者在联合王国内不论是否通过投资或占用与否、是否依据租赁或租用的土地购置，其保存、管理、处理、安置以及依据此补充特许证和法规的条款的投资，对包括实现现有投资的任何投资的变更，以及净收入实现的再投资，只要在校方作为资金持有保管人情况下，由此授予的权力应当按照投资相关法律条款由保管人执行。

Humbly show unto our Sovereign Lord the King, the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in Parliament assembles, that whereas it is declared and enacted by a statute made in the time of the reign of King Edward I, commonly called Stratutum de Tellagio non Concedendo, that no tallage or aid shall be laid or levied by the king or his heirs in this realm, without the good will and assent of the archbishops, bishops, earls, barons, knights, burgesses, and other the freemen of the commonalty of this realm; and by authority of parliament holden in the five-and-twentieth year of the reign of King Edward III, it is declared and enacted, that from thenceforth no person should be compelled to make any loans to the king against his will, because such loans were against reason and the franchise of the land; and by other laws of this realm it is provided, that none should be charged by any charge or imposition called a benevolence, nor by such like charge; by which statute:（efore mentioned, and other the good laws and statutes of this realm, your :（cts have inherited this freedom, that they should not be compelled to contribute to any tax, tallage, aid, or other like charge not set by common consent, in parliament.

，谦卑的呈给本次国会集会的我们世间的王，贵族院，以及众院，鉴于爱德华一世（1239 – 1307）国王统治期间制定的一部条令——通常称为&Stratutum de Tellagio non Concedendo&——所宣称和颁布的：若没有善意和王国内大主教，主教，厄尔，巴仁，骑士，自由民，以及平民中其他的自由民的同意，我们王国内的国王或者国王的继承人不得摊派或征收租税和援助；又爱德华三世（1312 – 1377）统治的第二十五年通过国会所拥有的权力所宣称和颁布的：自此，不得强迫任何人违背他的意愿借贷与国王，因为这样的借贷违背了理性和世上的权利；以及依据我们王国内提供的其它法律，不得以一种被称作捐税的索取征收任何东西，亦不得通过诸如此类的索取；依据以上提到的法律，以及其它王国内的善法和条令，你的臣民已经继承了这种自由，即他们不应当被强迫提供任何税款，租税，援助，或者其它没有国会共同同意的类似索取。

Execution refers to a legal system which the debtees can adopt to demand law enforcement from the executive organs if they are granted judgments and the debtors refuse to perform them.

民事执行是指债权人取得执行名义后，于债务人不履行义务时，请求有权机关运用国家公权力，以实现其权利的活动或法律制度。

Opponents of the law in Arizona used refried beans to smear swastikas on the state Capitol in Phoenix, and civil rights and human rights leaders are calling for a tourist boycott of the state, saying the law discriminates against people who look or sound foreign and violates people's constitutional rights by giving the police too much power.

亚利桑那州的法律反对者用豆泥涂抹在州首府凤凰城的纳粹，和公民权利和领导人的人权是一个国家旅游号召抵制，说法律对人民谁的外观或声音外，违反歧视人民赋予警方过大权力的宪法权利。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。