法律制度

At last, by analyzing the similarities and differences of legislation and judicature systems concerned of foreign country, the article discusses some good defense countermeasure that we should adopt by drawing lessons from the foreign country. Later it analyses providing concerned about criminal law, civil law, maritime law which are related to crime of cheat on L/C and points out the defects our legal system. Following that, it puts forward concrete proposal of legislation and judicature on proposal of legislation and judicature on improving legal system and taking strong measures against the behavior of crime of cheat on L/C. At last the article discusses the way to solve the self梥aving measures that every party should adopt and the concrete measurers that international organization uses to defense against cheat of L/C.

通过对西方国家有关信用证欺诈及其犯罪的立法、司法制度的比较分析，论述我国应该借鉴外国一些有益的防治措施，对我国的刑法、民法、海商法等涉及信用证欺诈的相关规定进行剖析，指出我国信用证欺诈方面法制的不健全之处，对完善我国信用证欺诈的法律体系与打击信用证欺诈犯罪行为提出具体的立法、司法建议；同时探讨信用证欺诈在法律冲突时的解决办法以及各方当事人应该采取的自力性救济措施和国际组织在防治信用证欺诈方面的具体措施。

Among the Western developed countries . no matter the countries with Romano-Germanic family or the countries with Anglo-American law system have the different legal tradition and thought. But in criminal judicature organizational reform, specially in criminal investigation system reform they faced the almost same questions and they adopted some reform measures and the similar procedure system.

西方发达国家，不论是大陆法系国家，还是英美法系国家虽然有着不同的法律传统和法律思想，但是在刑事司法体制改革，特别是刑事侦查体制改革上，面对的几乎是相同的问题，而且采取了一些近乎相同的改革措施和类似的程序制度。

The paper study how to protect buyer's right in the commercial house preselling and hope to offer fodder and point of view to make the commercial house preselling system perfect On the base of not to cancel the preselling system and link to our country law and judicatory practice.

本文以预购人的权益保护为中心，结合我国现行的法律规定和司法实践，在现阶段不适宜取消商品房预售制度基础上对预购人的权益保护进行研究探讨，为完善现有的商品房预售制度提供素材和视角。

However, there are some legislation defects in this regulation, which easily result in legal risks. For instance, pledgers may make unilateral registration, self-service registration can weaken supervision function, the registration effectiveness does not encounter the third party payer and rights and duties may invert. On this basis, the author proposes several suggestions to amend and improve those stipulations.

然而，该制度存在质权人单方办理登记、自助登记弱化管理职能、登记效力不及第三方付款人、权利义务倒置等理论和制度设计上的立法缺陷，使应收账款质押登记中极易产生法律风险，据此，笔者提出了相应修改和完善的建议。

In any case, insufficient attention was paid even to building up the necessary legal and institutional scaffolding, including well-enforced bankruptcy, competition, and contract laws.

无论在什么领域，前苏联甚至对建立必要的法律及制度框架都不重视，包括破产、竞争和合同等方面的法律。

If it be shown in a reasonable number of well-authenticated cases that these conditions — exogamy as tribal law, and hostility as the prevailing relation of separate tribes towards each other — exist or have existed, accompanied, as might have been expected, by a system of capturing wives, we shall be justified in concluding — failing the appearance of any phenomena inconsistent with such an explanation — that the same conditions have existed in every case where the system of capture prevailed, or where the form of capture has been observed as a ceremony of marriage. Nothing more than this is necessary to satisfy the conditions of a sound hypothesis.We are in a position to do this and more.

并且如果它被证明在一个合理数目的被充分鉴别的案例中这些条件（异族结婚为部落法律，以及对抗是分离的部落相互对待的主要关系）存在或曾经存在，伴随着似可预期的一种猎妻制度，我们将被证明在做出结论时是正确的（舍弃与这样一种假设不协调的现象的出现）这些相同条件存在于流行劫掠制度、或者劫掠形式在婚礼中被观察到的地方的每一个案例。

Company shares transfer system is an important part of company law, but also the modern corporate system one of the most successful performance.

公司股权转让制度，是公司法律的重要内容，也是现代公司制度最为成功的表现之一。

This part is an analytic angle and tool of this article. This part focuses on two relevant laws, the continental shelf case of North Sea and the principle of international law.

首先概括了两部相关的法律对大陆架划界的条文规范，然后从权利的等价性和对抗性入手进行分析，并对大陆架权利制度和划界制度予以区分。

Because the market is not mature, interrelated codes is skimble-scamble, supervisal system isn"t integrated and role of government isn"t so specific, application of construction bonding is bogged down, although it is a effective means.

然而，虽然工程保证担保制度本身在加强建筑领域信用建设方面具有无可比拟的优势，但是在推广过程中由于没有发育成熟的市场、统一的法律依据、完善的监管体系，缺乏正确的认识，政府角色不够明确等一系列原因，造成了目前推行工程保证担保制度的困境。

This rating is not issued by the FSK, but may be self-applied to films seeking to educate their audience e.g.

在某些法律体系下，分级制度赋予影院法律义务来限制不符合该观影级别的儿童及其他观众入场。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。