法律制度

According to the Chinese Contract Law, an act of unentitled disposition becomes legally effective after it is redr essed and the legal relation between the parties involved shall be dealt with ac cording to the general principles and relevant systems of the civil law.

按照我国合同法的规定，无权处分行为获得补正后确定地发生效力，当事人之间的法律关系依照民事法律行为的一般原则和有关制度处理，不发生善意取得的问题。

And not only unmentioned. Some went so far as to refute the system in essays or memoirs…On Jan. 1 2006 the "public servant law" was carried out. It is an official document standardizing the regulation of party and country leaders.

不但不提，在有些人的文章和回忆录中，竟对这项重要制度进行了全盘的否定…从2006年1月1日开始实施的《公务员法》，是一部用法律来规范党和国家干部制度的文书。

At the market economy age, free, no limit and unmovable land utilization is no longer existing.

在市场经济时代，土地无偿、无限期和无流动使用的现象已彻底改变，国家法律法规明确规定，国有土地实行有偿、有限期、可以流转土地使用权等制度，这就为做好地租征缴工作提供了法律依据。

However,owing to the unsoundness of our market economic system,putting ESO in practice at present time will suffer from many drawbacks.which lie at the aspects of law and regulation market system corporation harness,even at the aspect of people s idea and consciousness.How to overcome and solve those drawbacks effectively is a key problem whether ESO will bring practical effect or not in China.

但是，由于我国市场经济体系尚未完善，现阶段在我国推行ESO制度，无论在法律法规、市场体系、公司治理结构还是人们的思想认识方面都存在很多的障碍，如何有效地克服、解决这些障碍将是决定ESO制度能否在我国产生实际效应的关键所在。

From a new perspective of contract law and reviewing the development of securities exchange system, the dissertation explores the whole process of securities exchanging on the basis of the introduction of the basic course of securities exchange in our nation and veining from contracting to performing, then it points out that the legal nature of the securities exchanging course is a special commercial sales contract which sets the securities as the object, so the analysis of this chapter provides a technical platform for the following analysis.

本文的主体部分结构框架安排如下：第一章是对证券交易流程的法律解释，本章站在全新的合同法视角上，通过对证券交易制度变迁的回顾，在介绍我国证券交易基本流程的基础上，以从缔约到履约为脉络，分析了证券交易的全过程，并进而指出证券交易流程的法律本质就是以证券为标的物的特殊商事买卖合同，从而为全文的分析搭建了一个技术平台。

The composition of the dissertation is arranged with five chapters.Chapter One is the legal expounding for the course o...f securities exchange. From a new perspective of contract law and reviewing the development of securities exchange system, the dissertation explores the whole process of securities exchanging on the basis of the introduction of the basic course of securities exchange in our nation and veining from contracting to performing, then it points out that the legal nature of the securities exchanging course is a special commercial sales contract which sets the securities as the object, so the analysis of this chapter provides a technical platform for the following analysis.

本文的主体部分结构框架安排如下：第一章是对证券交易流程的法律解释，本章站在全新的合同法视角上，通过对证券交易制度变迁的回顾，在介绍我国证券交易基本流程的基础上，以从缔约到履约为脉络，分析了证券交易的全过程，并进而指出证券交易流程的法律本质就是以证券为标的物的特殊商事买卖合同，从而为全文的分析搭建了一个技术平台。

Virgin Islands is a unincorporated territory of the United States and therefore, enjoys the protection of the U.S.

维尔京群岛是美国的属地，享受美国宪法、法律和民主制度的保护，又有自己的税务制度。

To our tolerance of such a system there would indeed be some limit; but even if we were convinced that the social danger of the evasion of punishment through false pleas were overwhelming, and were forced to extend the area of strict liability, we would wittingly be choosing between two distinct principles: the utilitarian principle which justifies punishment by its propensity to protect society from harm, and a principle of justice which requires us to confine punishment to those who have broken the law and had at least some minimum capacity to comply with it.

对我们之于这样一种制度的容忍，确实有某种限度，但是，即使我们确信，通过虚假的辩解逃避惩罚的社会危险是无法抵抗的，并被迫扩大严格义务的范围，我们也会有意地在两个不同的原则中选择：通过保护社会免受损害的倾向来征明惩罚之正当性的功利主义原则，以及要求我们将惩罚只限于已违反法律并至少具有遵守法律的某种最低限度的能力的人的正义原则。

The third chapter is about the current situation and the reasons for medical malpractice. It mainly deal with this and find out three statements in provable task、the evidence states related to the law for Medical Malpractice with provalble task of distribution system is curdled、absolutization and finity of action.

主要涉及我国目前的证明责任分配制度的通说的三个标准及《证据规定》等有关法律对医疗侵权的证明责任分配制度的规定是粗糙的、绝对化的及作用有限的等现状。

On the basis of it, eight suggestions are put forward to evaluate the forestry ecological benefits:(1) it is an inevitable trend to carry out the comprehensive evaluation of the multifold forest ecological benefits;(2) upbuilding the theoretical frame of ecological benefits according to the situation of our country;(3) conducting the subarea case research based on the way of creativity accountment;(4) to set up the locating monitoring system of subarea forestry ecology profits to provide the reliable reference for the research;(5) studying the measuring estimate index more comprehensively to make it more self_contained and self_governed;(6) establishing the standards of the forest ecological benefit evaluation so that the evaluation could provide rational evidence for the establishment of the forestry compensation law and so on;(7) upbuilding economic accountment system of forest ecological benefits;(8) establishing economic compensation system of forest ecological benefits.

并且在此基础上提出了对今后森林生态效益评价研究的八点建议：(1)进行森林多种生态效益的综合评价是今后发展的必然趋势；(2)从国情出发建立我国森林生态效益评价理论框架；(3)在创新核算方法的基础上开展分区案例研究；(4)建立区域性森林生态效益定位监测系统，为研究提供真实可靠的数据资料；(5)更全面地研究生态效益计量评价指标，使之既具完备性又具独立性；(6)建立森林生态效益评价标准，使评价结果能为林业补偿等法律政策制定提供科学的依据；(7)建立森林生态效益经济核算制度；(8)建立森林生态效益的经济补偿制度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。