法律制度

First, this article interprets and these analyses legal words from the angel of the exegetics. Then, it identifys studies and classifies the legal words in"Shuowen"according to the things and activities which pointed out by these words.

第一部分按字义所指事物或行为对《说文》中的法律用字进行确认、考释、分类，把法律用字分为以下八类：法律形式、刑罚名称、赦免制度、审讯判决、逮捕和羁押刑具、监狱、罪人及罪行、执法者和执法地点。

The position take the moderate in advance principle as the guidance principle, establishes fanners" cooperative economic organization legal liability system, and using the economic rules and regulations adjustment method, namely forcefully the standard and the haphazardness standard unifies, the denial-like law consequence and the affirmation-like law consequence unifies the method, sets up farmers" cooperative economic organization social responsibility the principled stipulation.

主张以适度超前原则为指导性原则，建立农民合作经济组织法律责任制度，并运用经济法调整方法，即强行性规范与任意性规范相结合，否定式法律后果与肯定式法律后果相结合的方法，设立农民合作经济组织社会责任的原则性规定。

As far as the magnum opus Hindu laws of Manu is concerned, the core of law is the maintenance of caste system, through the establishment of Brahman、Kshatriya、Vaishya、Shudra these four different but changeless legal status, and makes the status sacred, which apparently extrudes the religionization of the law.

就古印度法的代表作《摩奴法典》而言，法典的核心就是维护种姓制度，通过确立婆罗门、刹帝利、吠舍、首陀罗四个原始种姓不同但又固定不变的法律地位，并使这一固定不变的法律地位加以神圣化，就这一点而言笔者以为明显突出古印度法律宗教化的色彩。

The article summarizes the main character-istic skills for four aspects which has been shown in the Chinese government's cognition and practice about the legal system so far: the rationalism construction thought,the nationalism color, the operation pattern of "legis-lation centre-administration cooperation" and the simplism style,which have shaped an closed nature of con-structing legal system at present in an aggregation sense.

文章将迄今为止中国政府在法律体系认识和实践上的主要技术特征概括为四个方面，即理性主义的建构思路、国家主义色彩、立法中心一行政配合的运作模式，以及简约主义的风格，认为这些特征在集合意义上铸就了当下中国在法律体系建设上的某种封闭性质；主张就此进行深入反思，并从转型中国社会法治秩序形成的原理和要求出发，树立一种关于中国特色法律体系构建的开放性思考，作出相应的制度安排。

The article summarizes the main character-istic skills for four aspects which has been shown in the Chinese government's cognition and practice about the legal system so far: the rationalism construction thought, the nationalism color, the operation pattern of "legis-lation centre-administration cooperation" and the simplism style,which have shaped an closed nature of con-structing legal system at present in an aggregation sense.

文章将迄今为止中国政府在法律体系认识和实践上的主要技术特征概括为四个方面，即理性主义的建构思路、国家主义色彩、立法中心-行政配合的运作模式，以及简约主义的风格，认为这些特征在集合意义上铸就了当下中国在法律体系建设上的某种封闭性质；主张就此进行深入反思，并从转型中国社会法治秩序形成的原理和要求出发，树立一种关于中国特色法律体系构建的开放性思考，作出相应的制度安排。

Therefore, this paper ,by the scope of the establishment of basic principles and systems, development and function of Chinese environment law, conducts deep research systematically. Combined with Chinese environmental current situation and present issues, and using the foreign advanced experience for reference, this paper ponders over the principles and basic systems adjustment of Chinese environment law. This aims at expounding necessity and significance of systemizing Chinese environmental law and environmental system mutually under current situation, and providing the important theoretical accordance and policy direction. This paper draws support from the gigantic effect of law in order to restrain the trend of ecological environmental deterioration effectively, make the ecological environmental awareness strike root in the hearts of the people, provide valuable intangible assets for the continuous development of national economy, and provide deeper theoretical reference for environment protection development in our country.

因此，本文力求透过中国环境法的基本原则和制度的产生、发展和功能以及法律体现这一视角，进行系统深入的研究，结合中国环境保护现状及存在问题进行探讨，借鉴国外先进经验，对中国环境法的原则和基本制度的调整进行思考，旨在阐明当今形势下加强我国环境立法与环境制度相成体系的必要性和现实意义，为环境法制建设提供重要理论依据和政策指导，借助于法制的巨大作用去有效遏制生态环境恶化的趋向，并使生态环境意识深入人心，为国民经济持续发展提供宝贵的无形资产，为我国环境保护的&入世&提供较深层次的理论参考。

The classical Roman law established an obligatio - contractus system with formalism and numerus clausus as the key features of contract; the medieval glossators accepted this model and redefined the contract with the doctrine of causa; the French law family continued this tradition and made the doctrine of causa the...

古典罗马法以形式主义和类型法定为契约概念的特质，构建了债一契约的制度模式；中世纪注释法学家遵循这一模式，以原因理论重构了合同的概念，这一传统为法国法系继受，使原因理论成为破译其合同概念及相关制度设计的密码；在德国，自然法理论、理性法学和历史法学结亲，以法律行为理论重组合同的要素，使其含义在历史上再一次发生根本性断裂；20世纪以后，制度的变迁又催生了新的合同说明模式。

The system of writs is one of the most special and important frameworks of English common law.

从法律史的角度来看，令状制度是英国普通法历史上最为重要也最具有特色的司法制度，它和陪审制度一起构成了普通法形成与发展的程序基础。

In addition, it show our country's present situation on the publicity of government information from three sections: the positivist analysis of the publicity of information based on our E-government construction;'s reflection to WTO; the content analysis of local information publicity law of our country. At last

另外，还从基于我国电子政务建设中的信息公开实证分析、《行政许可法》对WTO的回应、我国现行的地方性信息公开法内容分析等三方面来说明我国政府信息公开的现状；第三部分主要依据国外信息公开法和我国的实际，对WTO原则下我国信息公开制度进行构建，包括我国电子政务建设中的信息公开与信息保密法律体系以及信息公开制度框架及内容的构建，最后还谈到构建信息公开制度应该注意的问题。

The legislative purpose of the system of civil suit collateral to criminal proceedings is to lessen the pending suits,to increase litigation efficiency,to safeguard criminal cases being correctly handled,to uphold the unity and seriousness of judicial judgment,to safeguard the property interests of state and collectives,and the legal rights and interests of victims However,with the continuous progress of the construction of legality,and the increasing perfection of civil substantives and procedural laves.the practice value of the civil suit collateral to crimihal proceedings has been challenged At the same time.the defects in the design of legislative norms and institutions d China make the collateral civil proceedings lack of independence,the remedy scope too narrow,which result in insufficient protection on the rights and interests of victims.

刑事附带民事诉讼制度的立法目的在于减轻诉累，提高诉讼效率，保证正确处理刑事案件、维护司法判决的统一性和严肃性、维护国家、集体财产利益以及被害人的合法权益。但随着法制建设的不断进步，民事实体和程序法律的不断完善，刑事附带民事诉讼制度的实践价值受到质疑。同时由于我国在立法规范和制度设计上的缺陷，导致附带民事诉讼缺乏独立性救济范围过于狭窄，从而造成了对被害人的利益保护不足。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。