法律制度

For a long time, in our country, people fasten on physical cultural heritage, and didn't pay attention to ICH, folklorist and ethnologist had done some work on it, but for kinds of reasons, the information was badly destroyed.

长期以来，我国文化遗产工作者一直注重对有形的物质文化遗产进行收集、整理和研究，对无形的非物质文化遗产关注较少，虽有过民俗学、民族学的一些工作，但由于种种原因，相关资料保存至今较少，从非物质文化遗产保护的角度进行探讨更是新近才开始的，这些工作比国际先行国家落后很多，如在保护制度上，我国2005年才开始"民族民间文化传承人"调查和认证，这比日本的"国家文化财"制度落后了50多年，比联合国教科文组织"活的文化财"保护计划也晚了10多年；在制度和法规的建设，日本、韩国、法国等国家早己建立了保护制度，通过了相关法律，而我国在这方面基本还是空白。

On the basis of an analysis of the present profile of automobile consumer credit in China,a discussion is done on the meaning of its development. This thesis introduces the development of the market of automobile consumer credit overseas, and finds out the reasons why overseas automobile consumer credit leads to the successful development of automobile industry. It also analyses the causes of the slump in the market of automobile consumer credit in the country in aspects of influential elements such as economy,policies,society,consumption norms and so on. It has a deep discussion on some obvious problems in this field. For example,the market of automobile consumer credit is of no scale; the prices of automobiles are high; taxes are heavy and expenses are too much; average residents still have low income and no definite balance between income and predicted expenses; there is no perfect social credit system and individual credit system; there is not enough awareness of credit among the public. Taking theories in the area of industrial economics into consideration,it proposes basic measures of promoting the development of consumer credit in China: building up a credited society,a perfect and sound personal credit system.With credit database as the platform,all parties will be able to share information,improve the credit database,relevant regulations and laws as well as a risk warning system,thus operation and management of the operating entities will be improved,the cost of the practice of consumer credit will be reduced; strengthen the innovation of present financial system,develop financial products corresponding to different groups of customers,improve services,perfect the mode of "bank+insurance+automobile agents",make full use of the interne,adopt the practice of turning credit into securities.

本文在我国现阶段汽车消费信贷现状分析的基础上，对大力发展汽车消费信贷的意义进行了讨论；通过分析国外汽车消费信贷市场的发展概况，解析出国外汽车消费信贷促进汽车产业发展成功的原因；从影响汽车消费信贷市场发展的有关因素如经济环境、政策环境、社会环境和消费习惯等方面分析了我国汽车消费信贷市场现状低迷的症结所在；对中国汽车消费信贷市场的一些明显问题，如汽车消费市场尚未形成规模，汽车价格偏高，税费和使用费用负担沉重，相对较低的居民收入与预期收支不确定，社会信用体系尚未建立，个人信用制度缺失，公众信用意识淡薄等方面进行了深入探讨；立足于产业经济学理论，提出了构建信用社会，建立健全和完善个人信用体系，建立个人资信评估机构和登记制度，引入专业的资信中介机构，以信用数据库平台为基础，各方共享资源，组建客户信用数据平台，完善法规制度建设，建立健全汽车信贷消费的法律体系，建立风险预警机制，提高汽车消费信贷经营主体的经营管理水平，降低汽车信贷业务成本，加大金融制度创新的力度，开发适合不同消费群体的金融产品，提高服务质量，完善"银行+保险+汽车经销商"的汽车信贷模式，充分利用互联网、实行贷款证券化等促进我国汽车消费信贷发展的基本措施。

Second, the paper explains the problems of the system of lawsuit time limit in judicial practice, specifying that the system of lawsuit time limit cannot get the attention it should be paid in judicial practice, the regulations of extending lawsuit time limit cannot be carried out severely, there are no powerful monitoring and penalties of violation of lawsuit time limit, the blank of lawsuit time limit bring about the delay of cases, and that the principle of presumption of innocence in the criminal law cannot be carried out thoroughly.

第三，文章对诉讼时限制度在理论研究上存在的缺陷进行了讨论，指出了对这一重要制度无人研究的问题，并对立法上对这一重要制度没能引起重视的问题进行了讨论，指出：诉讼时限制度不仅是一个立法技术问题，而且是一个实体问题。第四，文章从社会环境的角度对现行法律关于诉讼时限的规定执行得不好的原因进行了分析，指出社会大环境对诉讼时限的贯彻执行有重要的制约作用。

By means of document searching and comparative study,the author of this thesis has defined the three essential elements of non-competence,i.e.confidentiality,valuableness and manageability,and analyzed their relevant contents.The author has also illustrated the differences between non-competence and confidentiality agreement,duty of loyalty and collateral obligation,and the conflicts in the rights of non...

本文主要采用文献查阅和比较研究的方法，提出对商业秘密界定的三要素，即秘密性、价值性和管理性，同时分析了三性的含义；阐述了竞业禁止的含义、特征、理论基础、其它国家竞业禁止制度的发展、竞业禁止的分类、竞业禁止与相关概念的区别、竞业禁止制度调整的权利冲突；通过分析，提出法定竞业禁止的义务主体应有条件的包括股东、雇员和监事；法律应明确法定竞业禁止义务的内容；对约定竞业禁止协议的效力确定标准，提出竞业禁止协议的合法性条件、合理性条件和影响竞业禁止协议效力的因素；结合我国立法对竞业禁止制度的具体规定，探讨了其存在的问题并提出了完善建议，以期能较全面和准确地把握我国的竞业禁止制度，并对我国的立法完善和司法实践有所助益。

Part One: thc conccpt and valuc analysis of judicial review system ofconstitutionalityJudicial review system of constitutionality is a fundamental system with legalsense to prevent violation of the constitution, which refers to that speciallydesignated state organs examine and conduct whether certain legis1ation or certainacts are constitutional or not. Generally it refers to the acts of state organ leaders,but in some states, it also includes the acts of political parties, for instance, Germanyl l lconstitutional court can exaxnine the organianion and acts of political pwties.

第一部分：违宪审查制度的概念与价值分析违宪审查制度是指由特定的国家机关对某项立法或者某种行为(通常为国家机关领导人的行为，有些国家还包括政党的行为，例如德国宪法法院可以审查政党的组织和行为)是否合宪所进行的具有法律意义的审查和处理的一种基本制度，是一种为防止违宪而设立的专门制度。

But a number of defects and deficiencies exist yet in our country"s present administrative hearing system compared to western countries, such as the lack of transparency, the nondependent legal status of the host, the ambiguity of record and the faultiness of the system itself, because it was not a long time since introduced from foreign countries. And how to use the western countries" experiences for reference and integrate our practicality is very significant, in order to develop and perfect our countrys administrative hearing.

但是，由于行政听证制度引入我国的时间不长，与西方国家的行政听证制度相比，我国行政听证制度还存在一些问题，如听证透明度不高、听证主持人独立性不强、听证笔录的法律效力不明确和听证制度不完善等，使得在实践中&听而不证&的现象时常出现，从而使行政听证流于形式。

Chapter Five - In the umpty suggestions to consummate the civil liability of sponsors, based on the review on the status in quo of our country, and the reference on foreign civil liability system, to provide suggestions to the civil liability system of our country, include: definitude on the boundary of civil liability during sponsors, issuers and other agencies and investors; and extend the term and enhance the approach of undertaking of civil liability of sponsors through intensify the independence of the deputy of sponsors; to make legal cleaning in process, provide judicial explanation and consummate civil compensation mechanism of securities.

第五章完善我国保荐人民事责任制度的若干建议中，在考察我国保荐人民事责任制度的现状、借鉴境外民事责任制度经验的基础上，提出完善我国民事责任制度的建议：包括明确保荐人与发行人、其他中介机构及投资者的民事责任分界；通过增强保荐代表人独立性、延长保荐人的任期加强保荐人民事责任的承担途径；进行法律清理、推出司法解释以及完善证券民事责任赔偿机制。

About how to establish and improve the property management system, First, we must find out what's the problems in the current system of certified property manager. Then we should go to the roles acted by the professional managers, create a active atmosphere for those managers, set up a certificating institution, and formulate rights laws and regulations. And more steps should be done to advance and perfect the system of professional manager. As to the most important, it is to standardize the qualification certificate system, to establish the education and training system, and to straighten out the incentive and restriction mechanism.

在探讨如何建立和完善物业管理职业经理人制度时，首先必须分析现有物业管理师制度实施的现状以及其存在的问题；其次要在对职业经理人进行准确定位的基础上，实现营造有利于职业经理人制度的氛围，设立统一的注册认证机构，制定严格的法律法规等三项基础条件，进而从资格认证体系、教育培训体系及激励约束机制等三方面探讨该项制度的进一步推进和完善。

The paper assesses the functions of the People Jury System and then analyzes the People Jury System how playing a special role in eluminating the passive factors of the professionalizing of judges.

然后对我国施行人民陪审员制度的政治、经济及法律文化等背景特点作了分析，并进而阐述了我国人民陪审员制度的特点，着重分析了我国现行人民陪审员制度的缺陷，正是由于这些缺陷的存在，我国的人民陪审员制度在司法实际上处于一种名存实亡的困境。

But UCP was not fully applicable nor appropriate for standbys,even the least complexstandbys(those calling for presentation of a draft only)pose problems not addressed by theUCP more complex standbys(those involving longer terms or automatic extensions,transferon demand,requests that the beneficiary issue its own undertaking to another,and the like)require more specialized rules of practice.

本文采用历史的方法、比较分析的方法、归纳的方法、理论联系实际的方法，以对备用信用证制度的研究为核心，通过对备用信用证制度与其它相关制度、各国国内相关实践与国际范围内的相关实践的比较分析，试图从时间和空间两个角度来揭示备用信用证制度发展和运作的内在规律，并探讨与之其关的法律问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。