法律制度

For this reason, I studies the concept of bona fide acquisition, theoretical foundation, value analysis

为此，笔者通过对善意取得制度的概念、理论基础、价值分析、理论渊源、立法状况、动产善意取得的构成要件、善意取得的法律效果及不动产的善意取得进行研究、比较、分析，发现实践中适用善意取得制度存在的一些问题，并以我国现今法律中有关善意取得的规定为基础，主要在善意取得构成要件和不动产善意取得方面，提出了完善我国善意

The disavowal of parenthood is an important system.It establishes the law degree between parents and family in the realm of paternity law.

亲子关系否认制度是亲子法领域确立父母与子女法律身份一项非常重要的制度，父母子女关系的调整离不开法律这一手段。

The section four discourses the nonentity of the guarantee for labor contract from the construction of system, including the access system in special industry and special position, institution of law in force, fidelity bond and system of business management.

第四部分，从现行制度架构上论述劳动合同保证存在的虚无性，包括从现行特殊行业及特殊职位的准入制度、现行法律责任制度、雇员忠诚保险制度及现行企业管理制度等方面否认劳动合同保证。

Through discussing the transformation of the system of lawyers during the generation and development of it, and analyzing the phenomena of practicing alienation which have emerged from the Chinese lawyering under Chinese system of lawyers in force, and combining the relevant internal and external theories, we hope to demonstrate some opinions.The first, the external conditions which included the considerable authoritative position of the law and the widespread acceptance by civilian under the rule-by-law situation of the west as England, U-S-A, France and Germany, and the internal conditions which included the great professional practical skills and the improvement of the autonomous and self-governing systems, had formed a great solid base for the establishment and development of the system of lawyers of the West.

拙文通过对律师制度的产生与发展过程中的制度演变的讨论，通过对中国现行律师制度之下中国律师业出现的执业异化的现象的剖析，从政治国家与市民社会的理论模型入手，结合国内外有关的理论探讨，力图说明以下观点：首先，已建立了律师制度的英、美、法、德等西方国家的高度法治状态下法律具有的至高无上的权威地位和民众对律师职业的内在认同等外部条件，以及律师具有的高度专业化的服务技能与他人无法取代的业务素养和律师业自治自律的机制的不断强化等内在条件，为这些西方国家的律师制度奠定了非常坚实的构建和发展的基础。

On the base of the right of subrogation in marine insurance, this paper will do the research from the point of view of action;on the base of existing stipulations and legal theories of the action of subrogation in marine insurance, maritime action and civil action, this paper will consult the foreign correlative theories;not only from the point of view of the legal theories, but also by consulting the cases and usual ways in judicature of our country, this paper will make the research more practical;this paper will also do the research by induction, organon and interests-comparing, etc.

本文将在海上保险代位求偿权制度的基础上，从诉讼角度展开较为系统的研究；在我国现有的海上保险代位求偿诉讼、海事诉讼以及民事诉讼的法律规定和法律理论的基础上，参考国外相关的法律理论，对海上保险代位求偿诉讼的法律问题进行较为系统的研究；不仅从理论的角度，还要参考我国司法实践中的相关案例和通常做法，使得对海上保险代位求偿诉讼的法律问题的研究更贴近实务，更具有实际操作性；运用归纳、推理的逻辑方法，采用利益比较等具体方法，对海上保险代位求偿诉讼的法律问题进行了较为全面的研究。

In Chinese ancient history,the idea of remission in accordance with time,the idea of tempering justice with mercy,and the strict accusatorial and accepting system on the premise of cruel torture,is the basis of emergence and development of non pros system in China;the criminal policy of different treatment and disintegration before and after the establishment of new China is the theoretical basis of emergence and development of non pros system in China.

中国古代历史上在严刑的前提下因时而赦的思想、宽严相济思想、严格的控告受理制度，是我国不起诉制度产生与发展的基石；新中国建国前后区别对待、分化瓦解的刑事政策，是中国不起诉制度产生和发展的理论基础。1956年以法律规范的形式规定了免予起诉制度，1996年3月刑诉法修正案取消了免予起诉制度，扩大了不起诉的范围。

Due to the differences in the legal system, this doctrine is applied variably among countries, with different kinds of applicable conditions, situations and extensions. Despite this, application of the system still displays its economic and legal values and provides a lot of experience and lessons for its introduction into our country.

公司法人格否认制度产生后，在两大法系国家得到了广泛适用，尽管两大法系国家在公司法人格否认制度的适用条件、适用场合上各有差异，但该制度的适用仍昭示出其应有的经济、法律价值，也为我国借鉴该项制度提供了宝贵的经验和教训。2006年1月实施的新《公司法》对公司法人格否认制度作出了明确的规定。

With the statistical data analysis method, according to the Criminal lawsuits with civil lawsuits attached of some railway transportation intermediate court during 3 years, in my dissertation I commented on the actuality of the institution of the Chinese Criminal with civil lawsuit attached ,revealed many problems of this institution during judicial practice and moused out the reasons from the following 3 sides, judicial concept, legislation and judges' quality. Also, I analised the value and legitimacy

本文运用统计数据分析的方法，从某铁路运输中级法院近三年多来办理的刑事附带民事诉讼案件入手，总体上评价了我国刑事附带民事诉讼制度的现状，揭示了该制度在司法实践存在的诸多问题，从司法理念、立法和法官素质层面探询了原因，分析了刑事附带民事诉讼制度的价值及其存在的合理性，明确了刑事附带民事诉讼制度的法律性质、特征、原则，从保护当事人诉讼权利、实体权利出发，为进一步完善刑事附带民事诉讼制度提出了具有建设性的意见。

The thesis discusses and analyzes the existing legislation and regulation concerning the commercial house-preselling system, including house-preselling admission regulation, Preselling supervision system and the contract law.

本文对现行商品房预售制度的法律、法规进行了研究分析，包括商品房预售许可证制度、预售监督制度和合同法制度等主要制度。

Firstly,a reform should start from the updating of ideas.New ideas such as " respection of self-decision of the disabled","maintaining a normal life of the disabled",and "the adult guardianship systems must concetrate on the human rights of disbled" should be established.The system should pay attention to the existing source of ability of the disabled,and there should be flexible regulations concerning the particular needs of the disabled.Secondly,on the procedures of legislation, the adult guardianship systems should be added in the "Family"part of sub-regulations.Thirdly,the content of adult guardianship should include :（1）The broadening of its application ,（2）The establishment of voluntary guardianship and the improvement in nominating a guardian.(3)Different levels of guardians should be nominated in accordance with the capacity of the subjects,（4）Supervision system over the guardians should be established for restriction.（5）There should be concrete regulations on the content of a guardianship to stipulate the rights and obligations of a guardian.

提出首先要在法律观念上进行改革，树立起&尊重障碍者自我决定权&、&维持障碍者生活的正常化&、&监护制度的核心是充分保护障碍者的人权&等新的理念，充分尊重障碍者犹存的能力资源，对行为能力的个别状况予以弹性补正；其次，在立法体例上，应和其他大陆法系国家一样，将成年人监护制度置于分则的家庭篇中；第三，在具体内容上，应该做到（1）扩大我国成年人监护制度适用的范围；（2）引入任意监护制度，完善监护的设立方式；(3)根据行为能力的不同设置不同层次的监护；（4）完善监护监督制度，建立起对监护人的制约机制；（5）具体规定成年人监护事务的内容，明确监护人的权利、义务。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。