法律制度

Therefore, this dissertation will elaborate the following major theoretic and practical issues of legal aid system in connection with the new promulgated Regulations on Legal Aid, for doing great to bestead correct understanding and enforcement of the Regulation on Legal Aid and also help to improve the legal aid system of China.

鉴于此，本文从理论和实践两方面，结合刚刚出台的《法律援助条例》的有关规定，阐述了法律援助制度中的一些重大的理论和实践问题，以期能够对正确理解和贯彻《条例》有所裨益，并对中国法律援助制度的改进有所帮助。

Through the analyze the present situation and problems of relocated people property rights in our country, it is found that there are following question need to be solved :the relocated people property rights laws are loss; public interests definition are fuzzy; relocated evaluation system is distempered; legal relief system is imperfection.

通过分析我国被拆迁人财产权保障制度的现状及产生问题的原因，发现该制度存在如下问题亟需解决：被拆迁人财产权保障制度中的法律缺位；"公共利益"界定模糊；拆迁评估制度不健全；法律救济手段不完备。

The thesis places an emphasis on present policy of treatment to foreign investment in China. To some degree China has authorized foreign investment national treatment is some areas, which is revealed in domestic laws and rules and bilateral treaties. Meanwhile, there are still some non-standardconditions in practice such as super-national treatment and sub-national treatment The author points out the major problems and cause in present treatment to foreign investment: the deviation between giddily mind and understanding; reconciliation between laws and rules; low level of marketing economic system and internationalization.

在此基础上重点是分析我国的现行外资待遇制度的现状：我国在一定范围、一定程度上对外商投资实行了国民待遇，它体现在我们的法律和法规上，表现在双边保护投资协定之中，同时在实施上还存在着超国民待遇与次国民待遇并存的不规范状况；指出我国现行外资待遇制度存在的主要问题和产生这种待遇制度的主要因素：指导思想和认识上的偏差、我国法律、法规的不统一和经济市场化和国际化程度不高等。

First of all, this dissertation goes through three topics, the decision system, the financing system and the management system, and then the analysis of the current situation of the rural public products supply system is provided. Besides that, by learning the useful experience of other nations, a mixed law system including special legitimization institutions and related departments, which aims to guarantee the pervasion and integration of laws dealing with the rural public goods, is suggested.

本文从农村公共产品供给的决策制度、资金筹措制度、监督和管理三个制度出发，分析了我国农村公共产品供给制度的现状，世界各国的先进经验及其对我国的启示，以确保农村公共产品法律调整的普适性与不同领域的专业性之间的相互依存与完整为目的，提出要构建一个专门立法与相关部门立法相结合的农村公共产品法律体系。

Law is superior to administrative power, the constitution has the highest authority, and person or group should not outmatch the law; democratic legislation requires that the legislative body should be born of universal and periodic elections and its main tasks include setting up laws and supervising the administration; judicial branch is independent and has high position and authority, also practises judicial review to prevent arbitrary violation of the constitution; check and balance institutions among different branches of the government to prevent that a single branch has too much or monopolistic power.

现代法治虽无划一的模式，各国历史条件和文化传统也存在诸多差别，但所采取的基本原则和制度大体一致，主要是法律大于行政权力，宪法具有至高无上的权威，任何人和团体不得凌驾于法律之上；立法民主，由拥有广泛代表性和定期选举阐述的立法机构制定法律、监督行政；司法独立、拥有崇高地位和权威，并且实行防止随意违宪的司法审查制度；政府各权力机构间实行牵制与平衡，以防止单个机构权力过大。

This article makes a comprehensive and profound study on relations between Modern Lex Mercatoria and international business arbitration law, and concludes that development in international business arbitration institution had accelerated the shaping of a relatively and autocephalous system of Modern Lex Mercatoria. At the same time, international busine...

本文探讨和研究了现代商人法与国际仲裁法的关系问题，认为国际商事仲裁制度的发展推动了现代商人法作为一个相对独立的法律体系的形成，而国际商事仲裁制度也因为现代商人法的运用，从中获取了新的活力，并在这种新的法律体系或法律部门的影响下，逐渐趋向于完善。

This paper discusses the relation of agent-construction system and agency, sets forth the importance of credit mechanism and points out some arguments such as the imperfect contract, the absence of client, the disuniform target system as well as the dissymmetrical information from the perspectives of law, economics and management.

作为一项创新性管理制度——代建制，拟从法律、经济、管理等多角度探讨这一制度与代理法律关系的联系、信任机制对这一制度的重要性及制度中存在的不完备契约、委托人缺位、不统一的目标系统、不对称信息等问题。

This article elaborates the meaning and legal nature of Stock Option, analyzes the legal obstacles of carrying out Stock Option in china. Combined with our practices on trial, this article deals with some related issues on carrying out Stock Option. In conclusion, Chinese Company Law and Securities Law should be revised to solve the problem of stock sources and the encash of stock interests and so on. The special legal system of stock options should be established. Tax law should be revised to make the manager benefit from it.

本文阐释了股票期权之内涵、法律特征，分析了我国施行经理股票期权之法律障碍，结合我国试行之实践，对股票期权实施上如何完善的相关问题进行阐述：包括修改《公司法》及《证券法》的相关内容，以解决推行股票期权制度所需的股票来源及解决股票期权制度实施的收益兑现机制等问题；修改《劳动法》，确认股票期权是经理人员薪酬体系中的一部分；制定专门规范，构建股票期权法律体系。

In order to solve these problems about juridical person system of private school in China, the paper offers several countermeasures. According to setting up school corporation in legal qualification in Japanese private school, we should properly revise our present educational law and add special items and regulations about setting up school corporation; we also should revise some statutes and items restricting juridical person's capacity for fund-raising and financing, adjust some policies and rules which are bad to funds raising. At the same time we need introduce the experiences of school corporate fathering system of private school in Taiwan and especially in Japan. To set up staff selecting mechanism about corporate organ in private school, to reform management patterns and perfect organizing mechanism of corporate organ in non-profit private school, to carve up the rights borderline between the council and principal, we could establish the reasonable and normative corporate management system of private school in the future.

为解决我国民办学校法人制度的现存问题，论文提出了相应的具体对策：借鉴日本在教育领域对私立学校的法律主体资格专设&学校法人&的经验和做法，适当修改我国现行的教育法律，增加设立&学校法人&的专门条款及其相关内容规定；修改制约民办学校法人主体筹资融资能力的一些法律法规条款，调整不利于民办学校筹措资金的诸多政策规章限制；在借鉴台湾地区、尤其是日本私立学校有关学校法人治理制度的经验基础之上，增加有关民办学校法人机关组成人员的来源和遴选机制，改革和完善目前我国民办学校尤其是从事非营利活动的民办学校的法人机关运作机制，合理划分校董事会与校长的权限，从而确立起完善和规范的民办学校的法人治理制度。

In this chapter,on the base of discussingcomprehensively the three subjects of the Adversary Principle,andcombining with the practice of the reform of the civil trial style,thewriter holds that the non-binding Adversary Principle that is beingpracticed for the time being in our country is not the Adversary Principleof its essence,and it should be changed to be the binding standard to boththe court and the parties.On this,the writer have given the followingdefinite suggestions:First,the parties' claim acts should be controlledunder the law,and cannot be exercised for the objectives of delaying theproceedings or raising the action cost,otherwise will suffer losing hisright,or will be punished economically;Second,in order to reflectthe fairness of the action,and prevent the delay of the process,in thecivil procedure field of our country the timely evidence producism shouldbe carried out and implemented,and the evidence-production deadlinesystem should also be set up.Furthermore,to the parties that produceevidence out of time,hewill be deprived of attack and defense,orwill be given certain economic sanctions; Third,scientific admissionsystem should be set up,and to the admission withdrawal or statementscontradictory to the admission,should give legal restrictions orprohibitions.

本章中，作者在全面论述辩论原则三大命题的基础上，结合我国民事审判方式改革的实践，认为我国目前推行的非约束性辩论原则并非本质意义上的辩论原则，应将其转变为对法院和当事人的约束性规范原则，并在此基础上提出了如下具体建议：第一，当事人主张行为应受法律控制，不得以拖延诉讼、增加诉讼成本等为目的予以实施，否则将遭受失权效或经济上的诉讼制裁；第二，为体现诉讼公平，防止诉讼迟延，在我国民事诉讼领域应当推行和贯彻证据的适时提出主义，设置具有法律后果的举证时效制度，并对当事人违反举证时效制度的提供证据行为采取或取消其攻击防御方法，或课以其一定经济性制裁的惩罚措施；第三，设定科学的自认制度，对撤销自认或与自认相抵触的陈述应给予法律上的限制或禁止。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。