法律上的依据

Restaurant charge corkage on charges such as the legal basis for the nature and need to define in law.

关于餐厅收取开瓶费的性质及法律依据等也需要在法律上进行界定。

The single culpability principle held by Law on State Compensation shows lots of disadvantages in practice in recent years.

国家赔偿法的归责原则是在法律上确定国家承担赔偿责任所依据的某种标准。作为连接不当行为和赔偿义务的桥梁，归责原则在国家赔偿制度中的作用至关重要。

It follows from these views that no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void, and that acts of violence within any State or States against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to circum stances.

从这些观点可以推定，任何州均不得仅由自己动议，即可合法脱离联邦；有关这方面的决议和法令在法律上都是无效的；对于任何一州或数州境内反抗美国政府的暴动，应依据情况来确定其爲叛乱还是革命。

By expounding the legal doctrine of asset securitization and the complicated legal relationships among them, with the help of the comparative research on the related legal systems in our country and other countries with mature asset securitization in the world, this dissertation discusses the jurisprudential foundations and realistic significance with which our country makes housing mortgage loan as point of tangency of asset securitization, analyzes a lot of legal barriers that our country shall face when carry out securitization of housing mortgage loan under current social environment for the legal system, and thereupon the author brings up the legislative suggestions of asset securitization which conform to national conditions of our country.

本文通过阐释资产证券化的法律原理和其中所蕴涵的复杂法律关系，借助于我国与国际上资产证券化成熟国家相关法律制度的比较研究，探讨了我国以住房抵押贷款作为资产证券化的切入点的学理依据和现实意义，以及在目前的法制环境下，我国实行住房抵押贷款证券化所面临的诸多法律障碍，从而提出符合我国国情的资产证券化立法建议。

The conclusion of this thesis is that it is necessary to establish the legal position of standby L/C and extend the applicable scope of standby L/C;China shall sign the United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-By Letters of Credit as soon as possible and take Article 19 as the basis for the determination of fraud; As for the measures taken by the court, we shall issue an injunction for payment instead of order of freeze.

最后得出的结论是：应以法律形式明确备用信用证的法律地位并放宽备用信用证的适用范围；在欺诈的认定上，我国应尽快加入《联合国独立保证与备用信用证公约》，以其第十九条作为我国法院认定欺诈的依据；对于法院的救济措施，我国应执行《最高人民法院关于审理信用证纠纷案件若干问题的规定》中的有关条款，以止付令取代以前的冻结令。

On the basis of it, eight suggestions are put forward to evaluate the forestry ecological benefits:(1) it is an inevitable trend to carry out the comprehensive evaluation of the multifold forest ecological benefits;(2) upbuilding the theoretical frame of ecological benefits according to the situation of our country;(3) conducting the subarea case research based on the way of creativity accountment;(4) to set up the locating monitoring system of subarea forestry ecology profits to provide the reliable reference for the research;(5) studying the measuring estimate index more comprehensively to make it more self_contained and self_governed;(6) establishing the standards of the forest ecological benefit evaluation so that the evaluation could provide rational evidence for the establishment of the forestry compensation law and so on;(7) upbuilding economic accountment system of forest ecological benefits;(8) establishing economic compensation system of forest ecological benefits.

并且在此基础上提出了对今后森林生态效益评价研究的八点建议：(1)进行森林多种生态效益的综合评价是今后发展的必然趋势；(2)从国情出发建立我国森林生态效益评价理论框架；(3)在创新核算方法的基础上开展分区案例研究；(4)建立区域性森林生态效益定位监测系统，为研究提供真实可靠的数据资料；(5)更全面地研究生态效益计量评价指标，使之既具完备性又具独立性；(6)建立森林生态效益评价标准，使评价结果能为林业补偿等法律政策制定提供科学的依据；(7)建立森林生态效益经济核算制度；(8)建立森林生态效益的经济补偿制度。

The Legal System of Venture Capital legalizes the important status ofVenture Capital.

风险投资法律制度从法律上确立风险投资的重要地位，它是保护风险投资主体利益、规范风险投资行为的法律依据，也是使风险投资健康发展的重要手段。

In order to make up the deficiencies of the actual law, the supreme court promulgate a law named the rules about evidences in civil procedure which uses other countries'salutary experiences for reference and integrates the situationg of our country as well as the basic diathesis of the judges. It establish the principle of modern free evaluaion of evidence that rules the judges look through the evidences according to the legal procedures. Other than following occupational moralities, the judges should handle logistic illations and experiences of daily life to estimate probative power and evidential ability of evidences roundly and objectively.

为弥补现行立法上的漏洞与缺陷，在借鉴其他国家的有益经验的基础上，最高人民法院于2001年12月21日颁布的《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》从我国的现实国情出发并结合我国法官队伍的基本素质，在证据的审查判断上确立了现代自由心证原则，即审判人员应当依照法定程序，全面、客观地审核证据，依据法律的规定，遵循法官职业道德，运用逻辑推理和日常生活经验，对证据有无证明力和证明力大小独立进行判断，并公开判断的理由和结果。

Although legists got involved in those debates and contributed painstaking efforts, they seldom did detailed research on the legal relations and legal interests of dwelling lands in the rural areas. They had no comprehensive and concrete investigation and statistics, nor were they legally independent, so they can hardly gave out positive gist to properly evaluate and balance the interests of country, collectivity and individuals relied on the dwelling lands in the rural areas.

法学家们虽然难免牵涉其中，并为之贡献了心智和心血，但却较少系统地研究农村宅基地的法律关系和法律利益问题，缺乏法律的独立性，同时在实证方面又没有具体、全面的调查和统计，难以提出对依附于宅基地上的国家、集体、个人利益进行准确评估和平衡的实证依据。

Such as maritime law on maritime liens, then, should be determined according to the law of property rights ...

如海商法上的船舶优先权，此时，应依据法律规定确定物权的。。。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。