法律

The article especially investigates in the original literatures the contradiction between the claimed universality in "the Law of peoples" and local legal practices and the reason of it. It reveals the Roman legists' efforts in using a common ideology to unify a diversified empire under the concept of"the law of peoples". The contradiction between legal ideality and legal...

为了对万民法有一个全景的勾画，离不开对原始文献中万民法规范被宣称的普世性与实际运作的有关法律规范的地方性的矛盾及其原因的揭示；古典时期的罗马法学家们力图在万民法概念下以一种共同的意识形态整合一个充满个别性的大帝国的苦心，反映了这一时期罗马帝国的法律理想与法律现实的矛盾。

Although legists got involved in those debates and contributed painstaking efforts, they seldom did detailed research on the legal relations and legal interests of dwelling lands in the rural areas. They had no comprehensive and concrete investigation and statistics, nor were they legally independent, so they can hardly gave out positive gist to properly evaluate and balance the interests of country, collectivity and individuals relied on the dwelling lands in the rural areas.

法学家们虽然难免牵涉其中，并为之贡献了心智和心血，但却较少系统地研究农村宅基地的法律关系和法律利益问题，缺乏法律的独立性，同时在实证方面又没有具体、全面的调查和统计，难以提出对依附于宅基地上的国家、集体、个人利益进行准确评估和平衡的实证依据。

Definitude the meaning of long-arm jurisdiction, it"s provision in related law and the pattern of it"s application are definituded in the paper. Moreover, the paper try to put forward some legislation suggestion as to Chinese related law, and provide legal direction for Chinese party in international civil procedure, through analyzing and discussing its application in all kinds of cases.

本文试图通过明确长臂管辖权的定义及其在美国相关法律中的规定和适用模式，并进一步分析和探讨其在各种具体案件中的适用，从而为我国当事人涉外诉讼提供法律指导，并就我国的相关管辖权法律提出一些立法建议。

The LESSOR reserves the right to grant or use such easement in, over, through, under, or upon land so lease as maybe necessary to the working of the same, or other mineral lands as well as the right to lease, sell, or otherwise dispose of the surface of the land embraced within this Lease under existing law or laws insofar as said surface is not necessary for use by the LESSEE in extracting and removing the mineral deposit from the land covered by this lease or in beneficiation of the ores extracted there from, or from any other mining claim; of to issue such permit for easement herein provided to be reserved and to permit the use of the land covered by this lease, as may be necessary for the construction and maintenance of the mills, mining camps, or other works incident to the mining and milling operation on the lands covered by this Lease or on the any other mineral lands.

出租方保留以下这些建筑土地的授予或使用权：包括为了工作需要可以进入，穿过土地，在土地的上面或下面使用，或是对土地的租用；或是在本租约内和法律允许范围内，对其它矿产用地的出售、出租的权利，或以其他的方式处置这些地表的权利；在现行法律或法律包括的范围内，本租约内承租方不必使用该土地表面提取和运输矿物，或是为了有利于从该地表开采矿产或是在这里发布这些被保留的土地的使用权，用于允许使用本租约内的这类土地的权利，从而为了保证必要的本租约内或其他矿床内采矿和粉碎的运行，对磨粉机和采矿营房进行的建设和维护加工，或者为采矿和加工运行工作事宜的权利。

After reviewing the different money forms in the process of money evolution and development,with the discrimination of various so called electronic money and terminology alike used in daily life,the essay point out on the basis of legal concept of money that digital cash comply with the legal concept of money,therefore it is one kind of new form of mopey and genuine electronic money.

本文从分析货币的法律概念入手，以此为基础，在回顾货币演变与发展过程中的不同形态并进行法律分析后，对现在日常生活中使用的各种&电子贷币&及类似术语进行了辨析，指出只有数字现金型&电子货币&符合货币的法律概念，是新的货币形态，因而是真正的电子货币。

Then, the thesis analyses theories of mortgage, corrects mistakes in the theory of Ownership and Security, and tries to explain the mortgagers right with expectant right.

接着，对按揭的理论基础进行分析，纠正所有权构成理论和担保权构成理论导致的偏差，以期待权法律地位重新界定按揭人的权利，并以按揭的担保本质和按揭人的期待权法律地位对按揭的法律构成予以解释，为当事人双方的权利义务关系寻求平衡点。

The fourth part is the core content in this article, in which the writer introduced the counter-domestic violences legislation content as well as the legal problem needed to solve The author has carried on the following exploration to it: First, the author believed that, legislation of the domestic violence must bear the brunt be clear about the limitative definition and the scope of domestic violence. Second, the consummation about legal intervention mechanism of family violence is seriously necessary, so the author introduce some valuable experience about oversea counter-domestic abuse method here, in judicial intervention there are the civil protection command, the appeal system, the judicial correcting and punishment system, the evidence system, and the establishment with special domestic violence court and so on. All are the effective sharp weapon to preventing and controlling domestic violence.

第四部分是本文的核心内容，具体论述了完善反家庭暴力立法和健全家庭暴力法律干预机制需要解决的法律问题，笔者对此进行了如下探索：首先，完善家庭暴力立法应当首当其冲明确界定家庭暴力的定义和范围；其次，笔者从民事、刑事救济两方面论述了健全家庭暴力法律干预机制，必须借鉴国外反家庭暴力法的一些宝贵经验，其中司法干预中制定民事保护令，公诉制度，司法矫治处分制度，证据制度、和设立专门家庭暴力法庭等都是有效防治家庭暴力的利器。

Where a law provides for the supervision and management of a product, such a law shall apply; where a law does not provide or provides unclearly for the supervision and management of a product, these Rules shall apply.

对产品安全监督管理，法律有规定的，适用法律规定；法律没有规定或者规定不明确的，适用本规定。

Chinas legal consciousness was shaped by contributions of traditional legal culture as the basis and of the western legal thinking as the absorption and it takes on the outlook of intertwining multiplicity and contradiction which could be further explained by the following four twains.

中国公民法律意识是在传统法律文化的基础上，吸收西方的法律理论发展而来的，呈现出与变革时期社会状况相适应的多元性和矛盾性。

Since our Natioanal Compensation Law does not exclude 'public hospital', due to torte, will pay compensation to citizens, juridical persons and other organizations when their legal rights are damaged, even with the current law, torte and injury compensation for public units should have no obstacles when brought into national compensation.

我国的国家赔偿法律法规并没有明确排斤&公立医院&由於侵权给公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的在国家赔偿范围内考虑。即便在目前的法律框架内，公立公益单位的侵权损害赔偿纳入国家赔偿也并没有法律障碍。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。