法律

When the determent of punishment andtheeffectofreformation counteract the effect of anti law,criminal punishment has no relation to future crimes.

以人的尊严和情感反应为视角，研究程序公正和刑罚效果的关系，可以得出以下结论：经历认为是公正的惩罚和认为是公正的惩罚程序，将会对刑罚和适用刑罚的程序产生认同感，从而产生刑罚的威慑和改造效果，这将减少未来的犯罪；经历认为是不公正的惩罚和认为是不公正的惩罚程序，有可能导致对廉耻的淡漠、无知和对刑事法律甚至对法律整体的傲慢，这些将增加未来的犯罪；而在刑罚威慑、改造的效果和对抗法律的效果相抵消时，刑罚惩罚和未来的犯罪无关。

In 20 century western jurisprudence has witnessed the turn from the conception of legal determinacy to that of legal indeterminacy.

20世纪西方法理学经历了从法律确定性向法律不确定性的转向，以"唯一正确答案"为核心的法律确定性难以成立。

The personal income tax exemption volume law system as its tax revenue reduces the system, day by day also has become an important system relating to national economy and the people"s livelihood, but this system continuously has rarely had the change since 1994, but inhabitant"s income level unceasingly enhances, the price also unceasingly rises, in recent years our country promotes the housing system, the medical system, the social security system, the educational system and so on many reform measure, obviously, at present our country personal income tax exemption volume legal system and the development of economy and society are in disconformity, the function of adjusting income assignment gradually weakens, the unfair tax burden question extrudes day after day, The perfection of our country personal income tax exemption volume law system call is more and more high, the experts and the scholars also pays more and more attention to the research of this system.

个人所得税免征额法律制度作为一项税收减免制度，也日益成为了税法当中一项关乎国计民生的重要制度，但该制度自1994年以来一直鲜有变化，而居民的收入水平不断提高，物价也不断上涨，近几年来我国又推出住房制度、医疗制度、社会保障制度、教育制度等多项改革措施，显然，目前我国个人所得税免征额法律制度与经济社会的发展情况已不相适应，调节收入分配的职能逐渐削弱，税负不公的问题日渐突出，完善我国个人所得税免征额法律制度的呼声越来越高，专家和学者也越来越关注该制度的研究。

In this article, a comprehensive study is made on economic basic of legal liability caused by action that causes environment diseconomical from the aspects of coming into being of theory of diseconomy of exterior environment caused by environment action, the economic basic that government intervenes environmental action that cause environment degenerated.

依法保护和改善已遭受污染和破坏的环境已成为各国的共识，法律作用的有效性来源于法律责任的规定与落实。作为上层建筑之一的环境法律责任，它的产生、发展和完善与其经济学基础息息相关。

At last, with the precise of social distributive justice as the end goal that relation of distribution is regulated by law, the paper set up the principle system of distributive law which including equity, efficiency, fairness and order etc, and how to select in different distributive law.

最后，在促进和保障社会分配正义作为法律调整分配关系的总目标的前提下，具体构建了以平等、效率、公平与秩序为内容的分配法律制度的基本原则体系，以及基本原则在不同分配法律制度中的选择适用。

The purpose of this research is to theoretically inspect the social assistance legal institutions' historical changes and theoretical basis, the operative effectiveness of Chinese relative institutions and the legislative idea of Chinese social assistance according to the concept of economic law and in the light of social distributive law, in order to widen the theoretical achievements in the research of economic law and provide some theoretical support for the legislation of Chinese social assistance.

本文以社会救助法律制度为研究对象，研究的目的是以经济法的理念和社会分配法的视角对社会救助法律制度的历史变迁、理论基础、我国相关法律制度运行绩效以及我国社会救助立法构想进行一次全面系统深入的理论检视，以期丰富经济法的理论研究成果，并为我国社会救助立法提供理论支持。

The base of the legal protection of resource security is its relative laws. which mainly have four characters, namely, fundamentality, divergency, comprehensiveness, and sociality.

资源安全法律保障关联法律具有基础性、发散性、综合性、社会性等特征，成为资源安全法律保障体系建立的基础。

Electronic commerce is becoming a global economical subject, the encompassment electronic commerce legal frame gradually is also establishing, all preparations or are developing the electronic commerce the industry and commerce enterprise all to have to understand its transaction the legal environment, adopts the de jure recognition and the protection transaction way, in order to effective maintains own property benefit.

电子商务正在成为一个全球性的经济主题，围绕电子商务的法律框架也在逐步建立起来，所有准备或者正在开展电子商务的工商企业都应当了解其交易的法律环境，采取受法律承认和保护的交易方式，以便有效的维护自己的财产利益。

Along with the Internet technology application and the development, the dispute which the encompassment network produces also more and more attracts attention, the hypothesized goods this emerging social phenomenon, in the academic circles and the judicial world to its legal attribute understanding existence difference, in the legislation also relatively is at the blank the vacuum state, then caused the law circle to be suitable, and in the academic viewpoint dispute in view of the hypothesized goods case law, in relief legal hysteresis quality.

随着互联网技术的应用和发展，围绕网络所产生的纠纷也越来越引人关注，虚拟物品这一新兴的社会现象，在学术界与司法界对其法律属性的认识存在分歧，立法上也相对处于空白的真空状态，进而导致了法律界针对虚拟物品个案的法律适用、与学术观点上的争议，凸现了法律的滞后性。

Law terms are not equivalent in all countries due to the impact of the ethical characteristics and the cultural traditions of law in each country.

由于其受法律文化传统和民族特性所影响，不同国家的法律术语并不简单等同，故在法律术语的翻译上应该发挥译者的主体性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。