法律

If you want to know the law and nothing else, you must look at it as a bad man, who cares only for the material consequences which such knowledge enables him to predict, not as a good one, who finds his reasons for conduct, whether inside the law or outside of it, in the vaguer sanctions of conscience.

如果你只想知道法律而非其他什么，你必得将人当作一个只在乎法律知识允其得以预测之物质后果的坏人，而非一个好人，其秉依冥冥中良心制裁的训谕，懂得自己行为的理由，不论其为法律或非法律的理由。

Chapter One provides an overview of the precondiction of responsibility of international organization, and the main contents include the definitions of international organization and its relationship vis-à-vis state and the legal basis of the responsibility of international organization. Chapter Two discusses the constituting elements of the responsibility of international organization. i.e. the international wrongful act of international organization, and the attribution of the conduct attributable to international organization. Chapter Three deals with the undertaking of responsibility. It explores two aspect: the responsibility undertaken by the international organization per se and the responsibily undertaken by the member states of the international organizations. This charpter aslo provides an overview of the content of responsibility and the circumstaces precluding wrongfulness. Chapter Four deals with the Future of the responsibility of international organization. This Chapter discusses the present situation and the future of the international law of international organization responsibility, but aslo gives some discussion on the issue of the responsibility of the non-governmental organizaions.

第一章"国际组织责任的前提问题"主要内容包括国际组织的界定及其与国家在承担责任上差异以及责任的法律依据；，责任的法律依据；第二章"国际组织责任的构成要件"论述了国际组织责任的两个构成要件，即国际不法行为和行为可归责于国际组织；第三章"国际组织责任的承担"主要论述了三个方面的内容，一是在国际组织的不法行为引起责任的情况下，其成员国是否以及如何对第三方承担国际责任及责任形式，二是承担责任的内容，三是责任的免除情形；第四章"对国际组织责任法律制度的展望"主要对国际组织责任法的未来进行了简要的阐述，并且对非政府组织的法律责任问题进行了简单的展望。

Gender analysis on law refers to the analytic criticizing on the law constructed by the androcentric tradition from the perspective of gender,finding and pointing out the shaping and constructing of gender dis.crimination and obedient status of women by law,then recreating the rules of law reflecting gender equality,especially the reasonable requirements of women,building the legal system with gender justice.

法律的社会性别分析是运用社会性别视角对传统的以男性为中心建构的法律进行分析评判，发现并指出法律对社会性别偏见和女性屈从地位的塑造和建构，重构充分反映男女两性特别是女性正当诉求的法律规范。

As the current law lack of the provisions on the associational autonomy,...

本文从对行业协会自治权的法律分析入手，研究行业协会自治权的范围、性质、权力来源、内容等问题，并在此基础上探讨对行业协会自治权进行法律规范的必要性，在现行法律规定的基础上提出了对行业协会自治权进行法律监督的完善措施，包括制定统一的《行业协会法》及建立对行业协会自治行为的司法审查机制。

The latter three strategies are new and also the paper's three innovative points. First of all, appeal the law to prohibit reversed payment, unify this with the BOLAR exception, and promote the drugs into the market as soon as possible. Secondly, put the public health, medicine patent and the IPRs protection of traditional knowledge and the genetic resources together. Through giving the traditional knowledge and the genetic resources IPRs protection to treat the developed countries' medicine patents, they can settle the public health crisis. Finally, the legal mechanism of Prior Consent is a new strategy that Brazil proposed for the purpose of protecting the public health, which divides the examination of patent applications for pharmaceutical products and processes between two federal agencies, National Institute of Intellectual Property and National Sanitary Supervision Agency. ANVISA has the obligation to render the final decision, granting or denying a patent.

其中前四种措施是国际社会上一直以来倡导的主要措施，后三种是新的解决公共健康危机的法律措施，其创新点在于：第一，呼吁将禁止反向支付纳入法律，并与BOLAR例外相结合使用，促进仿制药品的尽快上市；第二，将公共健康、医药品专利以及传统知识和遗传资源的知识产权保护三者紧密相连，通过对传统知识和遗传资源予以知识产权保护来应对发达国家的医药品专利；第三，&事先同意&法律制度是巴西提出的一种旨在保护公共健康，应对医药专利的新的法律制度，该制度规定凡是涉及医药品专利的申请都必须经过国家知识产权局和国家公共卫生监督局的公共审查，并且国家公共卫生监督局有是否授予专利的最终决定权。

But the present legal system is short of the codices on establishing, using, and managing housing, the law about the estate right and the finance of the real estate.

但有关住宅建设、使用、管理的法律，有关不动产物权的法律，有关房地产金融的法律等，都是现行法律体系所欠缺的。

With the tenet of "credit, diligence, considerableness, maximization of clients' lawful rights and interest", Linnan provides both the domestic and foreign clients with all-round professional legal services, including serving as regular legal consultant, taking part in commercial negotiation, acting as agent of real estate, intellectual property rights, finance, securities, insurance, investment, merger and restructuring, bankruptcy and liquidation, marine commercial prosecution and non-litigious prosecution, etc., and acting as agent of various civil, economic, administrative actions and criminal defense, as well as other legal services.

岭南所以&信用、严谨、周全、实现客户合法权益最大化&为宗旨，为国内外客户提供全方位的专业法律服务，业务范围包括：担任常年法律顾问，参与商务谈判；代理房地产、知识产权、金融、证券、保险、投资、并购改制、破产清算、海事海商等诉讼、仲裁和非诉讼法律事务；代理各类民事、经济、行政诉讼和刑事辩护等法律事务。

Based on a great variety of delimitations of legal efficacy in the literature, and aided with rational reasoning and logical argument on the one hand and empirical description and analysis on the other, the present thesis is supposed to deal exhaustedly with legal efficacy, its status quo in China, and the countermeasures taken to improve it.

本文旨在综合各家界说，基于理性的推演和逻辑的思辩，辅以经验的、实证的表征和分析，全面论说法律实效，试图彻底探究和充分描写法律实效的基础理论，当前中国法律实效的基本现状以及提高法律实效的对策和方法。

And therefore, whatever form the common-wealth is under, the ruling power ought to govern by declared and received laws, and not by extemporary dictates and undetermined resolutions: for then mankind will be in a far worse condition than in the state of nature, if they shall have armed one, or a few men with the joint power of a multitude, to force them to obey at pleasure the exorbitant and unlimited decrees of their sudden thoughts, or unrestrained, and till that moment unknown wills, without having any measures set down which may guide and justify their actions: for all the power the government has, being only for the good of the society, as it ought not to be arbitrary and at pleasure, so it ought to be exercised by established and promulgated laws; that both the people may know their duty, and be safe and secure within the limits of the law; and the rulers too kept within their bounds, and not be tempted, by the power they have in their hands, to employ it to such purposes, and by such measures, as they would not have known, and own not willingly.

因此，国家无论采取什么形式，其统治权力都应依据业已公布且被接受的法律而不是临时的指令或犹豫不定的决义来进行治理；因为，假若人类用群众的联合的力量来武装一个或几个人，任其随心所欲地迫使人们服从其一时心血来潮所做出的种种过分的、无限制的命令或是毫无节制的、此时尚不得而知的意志，而同时却没有任何固定的措施来引导他们的行为或为之辩护，那么，人类将处于比自然状态远为糟糕的境地；既然政府所拥有的一切权力均旨在为社会谋福利，因而不应专断独行、随心所欲，因此，它必须依据明确规定且公诸于众的法律来行使；这样，不仅人民可以了解他们的义务，在法律范围内得到安全和保障；而且，统治者也可以受到法律的约束，而不致被手中掌握的权力所诱惑，进而利用它达到特定的目的，且采用特定的手段，而这样的目的和手段是他们本来可能不会知道、也不愿承认的。

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions can be classfied into three kinds:"the extinction of obligatory properties";"the extinction of obligatory rights and other non-ownership properties" and "the extinction of rights of claim".

诉讼时效制度具有广泛的适用性，许多的民事法律关系都可以适用诉讼时效制度；但法律出于对某些民事法律关系予以特殊保护的重要性，以及某些民事法律关系自身所具有的特殊性而不能或不应适用诉讼时效制度。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。