法庭

C. 10. if any person be restrained of his liberty by order of decree of any illegal court, or by command of the king's majesty in person, or by warrant of the council board, or of any of the privy council; he shall, upon demand of his counsel, have a writ of habeas corpus, to bring his body before the court of king's bench or common pleas; who shall determine whether the cause of his commitment be just, and thereupon do as to justice shall appertain.

根据另一条国会法律档案）如果任何人被任何非法法庭的法令，或者国王本人的指令，或者国王顾问团或任何私下的顾问团的授权，而被限制自由；他应当——在他的律师的建议下——获得一份人身保护令，从而出席王室法庭或共同上诉法庭；在这两个法庭上按照正义所要求的那样来裁决他的行为的原因是否正当。

An elderly female, no more young, left the building of the courts of chancery, king's bench, exchequer and common pleas, having heard in the lord chancellor's court the case in lunacy of Potterton, in the admiralty division the summons, exparte motion, of the owners of the Lady Cairns versus the owners of the barque Mona, in the court of appeal reservation of judgment in the case of Harvey versus the Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation.

287一位上了岁数、不再年轻的妇女正从大法院、高等法院、税务法庭和高级民事法院共用的大厦里踱了出来。她刚在大法官主持的法庭里旁听了波特顿神经错乱案；在海事法庭上聆听了"凯恩斯夫人号"船主们对"莫纳号"三桅帆船船主们一案的申诉以及当事者一方的辩解；在上诉法庭，倾听了法庭所做关于暂缓审判哈维与海洋事故保险公司一案的决定。

It discusses about the origin of Amicus Curiae, analyzes the practice and development of Amicus Curiae in the DSU through four cases, then presents the each party's attitude towards Amicus Curiae and the reason for approve or against. The last part introduces the topic of Amicus Curiae in the Doha Round.

介绍"法庭之友"的渊源，通过四个案例分析法庭之友在WTO争端解决机制中的实践应用及发展，讨论各方对"法庭之友"提交的诉状接受或拒绝的态度及原因，最后介绍多哈回合WTO争端解决机制议题中有关"法庭之友"的问题。

Both Chinese and English legal discourses have their own lexical features, such as those concerning connectives, diversity of items, repetitions, paraphrases, restatements, and coloring, etc.; syntactically, each has its own conventions of word order, topic-comment relations, structural characteristics; rhetorically, Chinese discourse attaches importance to Qichengzhuanhe or indirectness at the macro-level, and paratactic at the micro-level, as against the English way of being linear or direct at the macro-level, and hypotactic at the micro-level.

法庭口译既具有语用交际属性，也具有法律属性，因此法庭口译人员在进行口译实践时不能仅满足于割裂上下文和语境的局部性字面意义传译(semantic translating / interpreting --- local)，而应当把法庭提问者和法庭答问者的互动性话语看作是一个依赖和利用上下文及有关情景因素的整体性的语用行为，努力理解并传译其中的整体含义（ pragmatic translating / interpreting --- global ）。

This essay would like to study the purposes and goals, the basis of course-setting, the allocation of course resources, and the operation of the required courses, and so on in order to find some helpful and constructive ways to a better construction of courses in Moot Court teaching and to the best use of this teaching method.

本文从模拟法庭课程建设出发，论述了模拟法庭课程的教学目的与教学目标、课程依据、课程资源的配置、课程实施等问题，以期对模拟法庭课程建设、对模拟法庭教学优势的发挥有所裨益。

In this way, the credibility of evidence is very important, so the second research question is how the credibility of evidence is achieved by using these main appraisal resources, that is, how the authenticity, relevance and legality of evidence are better proved through the employment of these main appraisal resources.with regard to the third research question, jef verschueren's adaptation theory, especially the three worlds, that is, physical world, mental world and social world, is used to explain why these main appraisal resources are used to better achieve the goals of courtroom participants.it is hoped that this thesis, according to the analysis of ten civil courtroom trial discourses, is going to shed some light on the study of courtroom trials from the perspective of linguistics, enrich the scope of application of appraisal theory and enlighten some scholars in the legal field.

由此可见，证据的可信度在民事法庭审判中是十分重要的，因此，本文的第二个研究问题就是法庭审判的各方是如何通过主要评价资源的应用来更好的说明己方证据的可信度以及对方证据的不可信的，即庭审中的各方是怎样通过使用主要的评价资源来达到证明己方证据的可信度的。对于第三个研究问题，该论文使用jef verschueren's的顺应理论，特别是三个世界(物理世界、心理世界以及社交世界)的理论来解释为什么要使用这些主要的评价资源。该论文的意义在于通过对十个民事法庭审判语篇的研究来给从语言学的角度研究法庭审判提供一定的思考，扩大评价理论应用的范围以及给法律界的学者们一些启发。

Ltd. That case, I think, authorizes four propositions first, that, where a contract is ex facie illegal, the Court will not enforce it, whether the illegality is pleaded or not; secondly, that, where, as here, the contract is not ex facie illegal, evidence of extraneous circumstances tending to show that it has an illegal object should not be admitted unless the circumstances relied on are pleaded; thirdly, that, where unpleaded facts, which taken by themselves show an illegal object, have been revealed in evidence (because, perhaps, no objection was raised or because they were adduced for some other purpose), the Court should not act on them unless it is satisfied that the whole of the relevant circumstances are before it; but, fourthly, that, where the Court is satisfied that all the relevant facts are before it and it can see clearly from them that the contract had an illegal object, it may not enforce the contract, whether the facts were pleaded or not.

第1：不论状书有否提及非法之问题，如有关合约表面上已属非法，法庭不会强制执行该合约之任何条款；第2：如合约表面上并非不合法，在状书中未有提及之情况下，法庭不应接纳外来之环境证据去显示有关合约有不合法之目的；第3：如显示合约有非法目的之事实，在状书中未有提及，但由於未遭反对或其他原因已向法庭提出，法庭亦不应考虑该等事实，除非法庭信纳已经掌握了与案有关之全部事实；第4：如法庭信纳已经掌握有关之全部事实，而该等事实清楚显示有关合约有非法目的，无论状书是否有提及该等事实，法庭都不会执行合约内之条款。

Ex facie illegal, evidence of extraneous circumstances tending to show that it has an illegal object should not be admitted unless the circumstances relied on are pleaded; thirdly, that, where unpleaded facts, which taken by themselves show an illegal object, have been revealed in evidence because, perhaps

第1：不论状书有否提及非法之问题，如有关合约表面上已属非法，法庭不会强制执行该合约之任何条款；第2：如合约表面上并非不合法，在状书中未有提及之情况下，法庭不应接纳外来之环境证据去显示有关合约有不合法之目的；第3：如显示合约有非法目的之事实，在状书中未有提及，但由於未遭反对或其他原因已向法庭提出，法庭亦不应考虑该等事实，除非法庭信纳已经掌握了与案有关之全部事实；第4：如法庭信纳已经掌握有关之全部事实，而该等事实清楚显示有关合约有非法目的，无论状书是否有提及该等事实，法庭都不会执行合约内之条款。

As one form of legal implementation, courtroom trials are the most important legal activities, for the results of courtroom trials, namely, adjudications or decisions, will involve the stakes of the life of the accused, the properties and reputations of the plaintiff and the defendant; hence the theoretical and practical significance of the research on courtroom speech.

法庭审判是最重要的法律活动之一，也是法律实践的最重要形式之一，法庭审判的结果即法庭判决将关系到被告人的生命的予夺、原被告双方的财产得失以及毁誉荣辱等。因此，法庭言语研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

An elderly female, no more young, left the building of the courts of chancery, king's bench, exchequer and common pleas, having heard in the lord chancellor's court the case in lunacy of Potterton, in the admiralty division the summons, exparte motion, of the owners of the Lady Cairns versus the owners of the barque Mona, in the court of appeal reservation of judgment in the case of Harvey versus the Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation.

287一位上了岁数、不再年轻的妇女正从大法院、高等法院、税务法庭和高级民事法院共用的大厦里踱了出来。她刚在大法官主持的法庭里旁听了波特顿神经错乱案；在海事法庭上聆听了&凯恩斯夫人号&船主们对&莫纳号&三桅帆船船主们一案的申诉以及当事者一方的辩解；在上诉法庭，倾听了法庭所做关于暂缓审判哈维与海洋事故保险公司一案的决定。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。