法官

We therefore decree that if the person alleges he holds the judge suspect, let him bring before the same judge an action of just suspicion; and he himself in agreement with his adversary (or with the judge, if he happens not to have an adversary) shall together choose arbiters or, if by chance they are unable to reach agreement together, he shall choose one arbiter and the other another, to take cognisance of the action of suspicion.

因此，我们的法令，如果该人声称他拥有法官怀疑，让他把同样的法官面前的一个行动，只是怀疑；和他本人的同意下他的对手（或与法官，如果他发生没有对手）应选择仲裁者或一起，如果是偶然的，他们无法达成协议在一起，他应选择一个仲裁者和其他另外，采取cognisance行动的怀疑。

He plunged into the swimming tank or went hunting with the Judge's sons;I he escorted Mollie and Alice, the Judge's daughters, on long twilight or early morning rambles; on wintry nights he lay at the Judge's feet before the roaring library fire; he carried the Judge's grandsons on his back, or rolled them in the grass, and guarded their footsteps through wild adventures down to the fountain in the stable yard, and even beyond, where the paddocks were, and the berry patches.

他跟法官的少爷们跳进游泳池或出去打猎。当法官的女儿默里和艾丽丝在黄昏或凌晨长途漫步时，他护送她们。冬天的夜晚在书房烧得正旺的火炉前，他趴在法官的脚下，他把法官的外孙们驮在背上，或是让他们在草地上滚来滚去，并保护他们徒步进行疯狂的探险；一直到马厩那里的水龙头那儿，甚至更远，到牧场和草莓圃那儿。

Enacted law is usually of excessive principle and abstraction, and thus over-discretion is endowed to judges, which results in great arbitrariness of court judgment; whereas regulations in judge-made law are more specific and detailed, which prevents judges taking personal prejudices and emotions as the basis of adjudication by effectively restricting discretion of judges, thereby protecting social justice and achieving judicial fairness.

三、Ⅲ 制定法往往过于原则化、抽象化，法官手中掌有太大的自由裁量权，法院判决的随意性太大；而法官造法的规定则往往比制定法的规定更为具体详细，它可以更有效地限制法官个人的自由裁量权，防止法官在审判中把个人的成见、情感等因素作为判决的依据，从而更好地维护社会正义和实现司法公正。

After much delay and amidst speculations, Abdullah finally appointed, apparently at the Ruler's insistence, Justice Hamid Mohamed as President of the Court of Appeal, and Justice Alauddin Sherif as Chief Justice of Malaya.

经过一番拖延和猜测当中，以及在王室统治者的坚持之下，阿都拉终於委任哈密莫哈末法官为上诉法庭主席法官和阿拉勿丁沙里夫法官为马来亚大法官。

They affirmed the life tenure by an unanimous vote in the Convention of 1787, because they deemed the risk of the continuance in office of an incompetent judge a less evil than the subserviency of all judges to the legislature, which might flow from a tenure dependent on legislative will.

他们在1787年的制宪大会上一致表决通过给予法官终身任职，因为他们认为，一个不称职的终身任职的法官对国家的危害小于一个屈服于国会压力的法官（如果这位法官由国会任命并有一定任期的话）。

This article deals with the judge discretion,with emphasis on the analysis of the concept,properties and necessity of judge discretion.

本文对法官的自由裁量权进行探讨，集中分析了法官自由裁量权的概念、特征和必要性，法官自由裁量权的具体表现，以及法官自由裁量权的约束机制

She has now asked the court to prevent judges and magistrates who started their careers before Franco's death in 1975 from sitting in judgment over Judge Garzón; like all judges who started work under Franco, she says, they swore before God loyalty to the caudillo and the principles of the Movement.

她现在要求法院禁止1975年佛朗哥死亡之前入职的法官和地方法官参与裁决加尔松法官。她说，这些法官与在佛朗哥统治期间就任的所有法官一样，都曾以上帝之名宣誓效忠该军事独裁者、忠于&运动&的宗旨。

The main factors to restrict realization of the aim of judicial explanation are limitations of explanatory means , inability of judges as principal part of explainers , pressure from groups of interests , lack of independence of justice and judges , no modem rule by law hi ideology and culture of law and effects of public opinion and human relationship ; therefore , the main ways to realize the aim of judicial explanation are to construct team of judges , enhance quality of judges , apply scientific explanatory means , state publicly judicial explanation , analyse reasons for judgement, reform judicial system of court, guarantee independence of judice and judges and cultivate civilian ideology of modem legal culture.

解释方法的局限性、作为解释主体的法官的素质的不适性、利益集团的压力、司法及法官缺乏应有的独立性、法律文化意识非现代法治性以及民意舆论和人情关系的影响是制约司法解释目标实现的主要因素；而建设法官队伍，提高法官的素质、运用科学合理的解释方法、公开表述司法解释，分析判决理由、改革法院司法体制，保障司法和法官的独立以及培育公民现代的法律文化意识是实现司法解释目标的最主要路径。

Where some collateral matter arises out of the general words, and happens to be unreasonable, there the judges are in decency to conclude that this consequence was not foreseen by the parliament, and therefore they are at liberty to ex pound the statute by equity, and only quoad hoc disregard it; and he gives as an illustration, if an act of parliament gives a man power to try all causes that arise within his manor of Dale, yet, if a cause should arise in which he himself is party, the act is construed not to extend to that, because it is unreasonable that any man should determine his own quarrel.

布莱克斯通举例作了说明：如果议会法案授予法官可以审理发生在其管辖范围内的所有案件，但其中一个案件法官就是案件一方当事人的话，那么法官就不能对法案作扩张解释，因为任何人都不能作自己案件的法官。

When the President, Vice President or an Associate Justice is to be tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; when the Chief Justice or a judge of a subordinate court of record is to be tried, the President of the Senate shall preside.

总统、副总统或联席法官的弹劾案，由首席法官主持；首席法官或下级存卷法院法官的弹劾案，由参议长主持。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。