法官

But though the plea failed , the judges made two important observations about the law . First Lord Goddard , then Lord Chief Justice, said ' the first thing to be remembered is that the Road Traffic Act, 1930, contains an absolute prohibition against driving dangerously or ignoring " Halt " signs . No question of mens rea enters into the offence; it is no answer to a charge under these sections to say:" I did not mean to drive dangerously " or " I did not notice the ' Halt ' sign ".

然而，虽然抗辩未成，法院却就法律提出了两点重要意见：第一，当时的首席高等法官戈达德法官说，首先要记住，1930年《道路交通法》包括对危险驾车或忽视'停车'标志的一项绝对禁止[MS3] 。

Not a magisterial care, I mean, which consists in prescribing by laws and compelling by punishments.

不是法官关心的事，我的意思是：法官的事情是由法律规定并由惩罚来强制的。

Investigating judges would be transformed into judges only, answerable—as now—to the independent Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature.

调查法官将转化为纯粹的法官，就像现在的独立行政法院的高等司法官。

Secondly,* The legislative, or supreme authority, cannot assume to itself a power to rule by extemporary arbitrary decrees, but is bound to dispense justice, and decide the rights of the subject by promulgated standing laws, and known authorized judges: for the law of nature being unwritten, and so no where to be found but in the minds of men, they who through passion or interest shall miscite, or misapply it, cannot so easily be convinced of their mistake where there is no established judge: and so it serves not, as it ought, to determine the rights, and fence the properties of those that live under it, especially where every one is judge, interpreter, and executioner of it too, and that in his own case: and he that has right on his side, having ordinarily but his own single strength, hath not force enough to defend himself from injuries, or to punish delinquents.

第二，立法权力或最高权力，不能自认为是通过即兴的肆意的法令来统治的权力，而只能局限于衡量正义（衡量罪行与惩罚是否相当，衡量伤害与补偿是否相当），并由公布的恒定法律和已知被授权的法官来裁定臣民之间的权利：因为自然法并非成文，所以只能在人们的思想中找到它们，在没有设立法官的地方，由于人们充满了激情或利益的考虑便会错误引证或应用自然法，从而就不能那么容易的确定他们的错误了：这样一来立法权力就不是服务于——它本来应该如此——裁定权利，保护生活于其下的臣民的财产，特别是在他自己的事件中，每个人都是审判者，解释者和执行者：有权利的一方，通常仅仅只能依靠他自己的力量，没有足够的力量来保护自己免于伤害，或者去惩罚犯罪者。

Hey, he hasn't even had time to be sworn in--a service the judge obligingly performs before his first case.

这些都没关系，他甚至都没时间向法官法官宣誓。在还没有接手这一案子前，他倒很乐意这样做。

This paper, according to the existent factor of obstruction judge dependence in realistic life, has point...

本文针对现实生活中存在的阻碍法官独立的因素，指出了实现法官独立的途径。

Penny Darbyshire, an academic who has been following wigs for several years, says they pore over press

一位名叫潘妮·达比赛尔的专业学者，在对法官进行了几年的跟踪调查后表示，法官们对媒体报道都读得很仔细。

Once, indeed, he rebuked a praetor who heard the pleas of accused men in too summary a fashion, and ordered him to hold the trials again, saying that it was a matter of concern to the honour of the accused that they should be heard by a judge who really represented the people.

一次，的确，他斥责了一个听被告申诉时心不在焉的法官，命令他重新审判，说这事关系到被告的名誉，应该被一个能真正代表民众的法官听到。

The US judge Oliver Wendell Holmes advised that the law was a prediction about what a judge would do.

美国法官奥利弗温德尔霍姆斯Oliver Wendell Holmes）认为，法律就是在预言法官将要做些什么。

This is not a simple copy, but a new consideration over judge psychology on the base of current theory of psychology. This is the first to discuss prejudgment academically.

这绝非是简单生硬的搬用，而是作者在现有心理学理论的基础上对法官审判心理的新思考，这种思考在法官预断的主题讨论上于学术界尚为第一次。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。