法向应力

Comparison between the model and test results shows that the proposed rheological model is reasonable.

将流变模型曲线和试验结果进行比较，结果表明该模型能够较好地描述不同法向应力和剪切应力作用下节理蠕变的变形规律。

In chapter six, A finite element model to evaluate the mechanics properties of thin wall structure is put forwards. The 4-node quadrilateral Hughes-Liu shell element with five through-the-thickness integration points is employed. The material is assumed to satisfy the elastic-plastic yield condition with isotropic hardening. The single surface contact algorithm is taken to deal with the contact searching. The priori stabilization procedures for the numerical control of the hourglass instability and the penalty method for the evaluation of contact force are used. The classical Coulomb law of friction is employed to evaluate the friction force.

第六章采用法向方向5点积分的4节点Hughes-Liu壳单元，前置参数法砂漏控制技术，等向强化弹塑性材料模型，分步增量应力回映方法，一体化接触搜寻算法，罚参数接触力计算方法及经典摩擦定律，建立了一种计算受冲薄壁结构大变形力学特性计算的有限元模型，通过对汽车A传动轴及汽车纵向方形吸能梁的大变形力学特性分析，验证了该有限元模型的正确性。

The test results show that the shear strength of the unsaturated clay rock increases with an increase of the matric suction.

试验结果表明：非饱和黏土岩的强度随着基质吸力的增加而增大，基质吸力对抗剪强度的贡献率随着净法向应力的增大而增加。

The characterization equations of primary normal stress difference of polymer melt were derived with or without the consideration of the inertia item respectively.

以振动场中流经毛细管的聚合物熔体为研究对象，针对忽略和不忽略惯性力项对熔体弹性行为的影响 2 种情况，分别推导出振动力场中毛细管壁处聚合物熔体第一法向应力差的计算公式。

By means of simulation, the effects of slip length and shear rate on pressure drop and first normal stress were investigated.

考察了滑移段长度和剪切速率对压力降和第一法向应力差的影响。

The results indicate that with the increase of impact velocity,the plastic deformation of concrete enhance greatly.

研究发现，随着冲击速度的提高，混凝土接触面法向应力显著增加，混凝土接触面产生显著的塑性变形。

If θ=0?＃, it means that whisker axis is perpendicular to crack face, the energy dissipation caused by whisker-bridge join in zone of crack end achieves its maximum and the reintoughening effect of material achieves the best of all; along with growth of angle θ, the maximum principal stress in the matrix of whisker roots increases, when it achieves its limit, the whisker will be broken and orientation effect will be weakened.

当添加晶须与裂纹面法向形成角度θ时，随角度θ的增加，裂纹尖端拉应力增加。当添加角度较大时，晶须根部基体承受了较大的应力，易遭到破坏性崩裂。同时，晶须内部主应力与晶须轴向之间的角度也随角度θ的增加而增加，造成晶须折断，致使造成晶须拨出的体积分数φap减小，降低了增韧效果。

According to the resolution of the transmitted and reflected coefficients when the normal incident P-wave propagates to the nonlinear normal deformative joint,the expression between the intensity variation of the EME and the parameters of the joint is obtained.

依据电磁波与入射应力波之间的关系及应力波在非线性节理面处的透反射解，获得应力波作用下产生的电磁波在非线性法向变形节理面前后的幅值关系。

The melt elasticity of PP filled with CaCO3 of nano-particles or micron particles or their assembling was studied by capillary rheometry measuring the values of first normal stress difference (N1) and extrudate swell of the systems.

利用高压毛细管流变仪测量的第一法向应力差(N1)和挤出胀大比研究了纳米CaCO3和微米CaCO3分别填充和同时填充聚丙烯体系的熔体弹性。

The distributions of velocity, velocity gradient, shear stress, clongation stress, first normal stress difference and pressure of the flow of a power-law fluid in the profile die were analyzed. It indicates that for a power-law fluid only after a few iterations a good convergence can be reached, even though in the case of high extrusion velocity.

本文分析了幂律流体在异型材挤出口模内的速度分布、速度梯度分布、剪切应力分布、拉伸应力分布、第一法向应力差分布和压力场，研究表明采用幂律流体模型，即使在挤出速度非常大的情况下，经过有限次迭代，模拟计算都能够收敛，并得到合理的结果。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。