法

In the first paper,we survey the history of direct search method, and discuss fourdirect methods respectively,which are simplex method, pattern search method, linesearch method and quadratic interpolation model method.

对单纯形法、模式搜索法、线性搜索法、二次插植模型法这四类主要的直接搜索方法的主要思想、算法的起源、发展状况及其特点分别作了介绍。

In discussing the properties of reflection and refraction of fiber grating, the coupled-mode equation, envelope function, transform matrix formalism, multilayer and optical path approximation are used for describing the linear and nonlinear characteristic of optical fiber grating.

在分析光栅的反射和透射规律时，采用了耦合模式法，包络函数法，转换矩阵法，多层介质薄膜法以及光程法，这些方法虽然具有不同的数学和物理模型，但在分析光纤光栅这一特殊的波导结构时，可充分展现它的线性和非线性特性。

The comparision with the continuous wave method and double-antenna method shows that the reflectometer essentially is equivalent to a integration of single-station method testing system module.The measurement system which can use single station can be used for reflectance measurement.

与连续波法、双天线法比较，得知反射计本质上相当于单站法测试系统中部分模块的集成，能采用单站法的测量系统就可用反射计测量。

As the significant importance of source location to power cable,widely used location methods including time domain reflectometry and improved techniques,are presented on the basis of transmission line model.

根据检测原理及选用传感器的不同，目前电缆局部放电的检测方法大致有声发射法、电容耦合法、电感耦合法、超高频法和方向耦合法等。

Through many experiments, we find tracing without ray method can solve the problem. The method applies the refractional wave's geometric properties, and exports the velocity models.

无射线追踪法层析静校正将首波方法的稳定性和回转波方法的灵活性结合起来，隐式使用折射波的几何特性，并由此导出速度模型，达到不使用显式射线追踪法进行层析重建的目的。

Several techniques are discussed: scintigraphy, paracetamol absorption test, breath tests, refractometry, ultrasound, and gastric impedance monitoring.

我们讨论了以下这些技术：闪烁显像法、对乙酰氨基酚吸收试验、呼吸试验、折光测定法、超声法和胃阻抗监测法。

The advantages and limitations of every kind of methods for calculating the failure probability is reviewed. The frist order reliability method, the second order reliability method and many kinds of boundary method have achieved remarkable success and formed nature fields of reliability. However, the precision of these methods decrease as the increase of complexity of problem. The numrical methods are versatile, except numerical intergration is only adaptable to special problems which have small number variables and regular intergral domain. Particularly, the advanced variance reduction techniques own the following character: high precision and a small amount computation. But some questions remain to study in the future because only an initial work about these techniqes is developed.

全面评述了计算失效概率各种方法的优点和局限性，其中经典的解析法包括一次可靠性方法、二次可靠性方法、一阶边界法、Vanmarcke上边界、PENT上边界和Ditlevsen二阶窄边界法，这些方法对于多设计点、变量较多且相关、密度函数不是正态以及极限状态方程较复杂的情况，其计算精度较差；而已有的数值方法却是具有较好的通用性，其中除数值积分法只对变量较少、积分域较规则的特殊问题适用外，各种数值模拟方法均具有较广的适应性，特别是各种改进的方差减小技术，精度高、计算量小，但由于其处在研究的初级阶段，还有许多问题有待于解决。

Results The invalid areas surveyed by bait method accounted for 53%, suggesting that the inducement of sweet potato was very weak. Successful surveillance area accounted for 8% and 67% by trap method and powder-trace method, respectively, showing that the reason leading to the insensitivity of rodent to trap method was its strong repellence to new substance.

结果 食饵法监测失败的区域占53%，说明红薯的引诱力不强致使敏感度较低；鼠夹法、粉迹法成功监测的区域分别为8%和67%，说明鼠夹法敏感度较低的主要原因是鼠对鼠夹有较强的新物反应。

The findings indicated that the results of the nonparametric method and the parametric method were quite close to that of the original sample. However, the standard errors of the parametric method were slightly higher than that of the nonparametric method; especially the standard error of the level-1 residual varianceσ?

研究结果表明，非参数法和参数法的拟合结果多数与原始样本比较接近，只是参数法的标准误相对较非参数法稍大，尤其是水平1残差方差σ？

To adapt to the new situation, Angola Government have sll the time be dedicating to the optmization of its laws for the purpose of attracting two of them local and foreign private investors. On April 1, 2003, Angola Government passed a series of laws represented by the private investment law as well as the favorable policy on revenue and tariff on private investment.

为了使全国适应新的现实，安哥拉政府已经并正在采取各种措施，使国家律法更加吸取内外的私人投入资金者，政府于2003年4月1日，通过了一整套国家律法，尤其是私人投入资金法和对私人投入资金的税收及关税奖励法。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。