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This literature review summarizes the studies to date and make recommendations for practicing urologists.

这些文献皆发表於经同侪审核的期刊中，期望藉著文献回顾，整理出对临床泌尿科医师有益的治疗参考。

Retroperitoneoscopic surgery is difficult for young urologists.

后腹腔镜手术对於年轻的泌尿科医师而言，是很困难的。

Urologists do agree that extra water can reduce the recurrence of kidney stones.

泌尿科医师确实认同，多饮水能够降低肾结石的复发机率。

Bladder cancer is one of the conditions most frequently treated by urologists.

膀胱肿瘤是泌尿外科常见疾病，大部分移行细胞癌可以通过经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除和膀胱灌注BCG治疗。

There have been hints in previous studies of such a link, Walsh said, but those studies had a built-in bias, since they looked specifically at men who were screened by urologists because they were identified as being infertile, rather than comparing their risk of prostate cancer with that of all other men.

沃尔什说，先前的研究中有线索表明存在这样的联系，但是那些研究有着内在的偏差，因为它们明确地指向那些经泌尿学家检查确诊为不育症的男人，而没有将这些人罹患前列腺癌的风险跟所有其他的男人进行比较。

Hence, in an attempt to establish an animal model of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy as a training of retroperitoneoscopic surgery for young urologists, six pigs were used as subjects.

因此，我们使用六只小猪作为实验对象，尝试建立一个后腹腔镜肾脏摘除术的动物模型，并以此动物模型作为年轻的泌尿科医师训练后腹腔镜手术的一个方式。

Above that are at the bottom of their hearts to the truth, you may think that I just write their own feelings, you are wrong. I will never take to go to the toilet ruler, and also had not gone to urologists, not to eat ginseng tablet, However, in order to avoid you really think that is just my personal thoughts and e 人. xperiences in this, I can not help but once again anonymity. We also hope to see female compatriots This article, more reflection, more considerate of men, not spend time in anonymity pursue this matter.

快乐吗？以上说的全是打从心底的老实话，或许你们以为我只是在写自己的感受，你们错了，我绝对不会有事没事拿把尺子到厕所去，也没有去过泌尿科，更没有吃过人参片，但为避免你们真以为只是我个人的想法和经验，在此，我不能不再次隐姓埋名，而且希望女性同胞看到这篇文章，多反省，多体谅男人，而不要花时间在追究隐姓埋名这件事情上。

Cases and controls were selected from various sources: local general practitioners and urologists practicing in the area and physicians from other hospitals of the region who might treat patients from this area.

例对照选自各种来源：当地一般练习者在练习区、泌尿科医师来自本地区其他医院治疗病人，他们可能来自这一领域。

The editorialists conclude that the major challenge moving forward is that urologists, oncologists, pathologists, and general scientists integrate their scientific interests and work together in large, collaborative, prospective studies to answer questions such as these.

主编们的结论是，泌尿学家、肿瘤学家、病理学家、以及一般科学家应该整合其兴趣，共同进行大型的、整合各领域专家的前瞻性试验来回答这些问题。

It is targeted at general and colorectal surgeons, urologists, gynecologists and gastroenterologists who treat incontinent patients, and also gives general practitioners and geriatric physicians an overview of the diagnostic methods and treatment options that can be offered to incontinent patients.

它被在一般和结肠直肠的外科医生，泌尿科医生，治疗无节制的病患的妇科学家和胃肠病学家瞄准，以及给全科医生和老年医学的内科医生可以被提供无节制的病患的诊断方法和

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。