沼泽泥炭

Studies showed that there were two typical combinations of the facies in the filling sedimentary sequence of the epicontinental basin, wherein one was the depositional diastem developed between the facies, which was a discontinuous combination of the depositional facies with continuous time sequence, namely the exposed sediments, the tidal flat swamp and the peat swamp, and the shallow marine sediments appeared from bottom to top; and the other was the continuous sequence with gradually evolved sedimentary environment, in which it was a continuous process that the tidal flat swamp turned gradually into the peat swamp.

研究表明：陆表海盆地充填沉积序列中有两种较为典型的相组合，一是相与相间发育沉积间断面，为不连续沉积相组合，但在时间序列上是连续的，即自下而上依次为暴露沉积、潮坪沼泽及泥炭沼泽、浅海沉积；第二种序列是连续相序，盆地的环境演化是渐变的，潮坪沼泽化逐渐泥炭沼泽化是一个连续过程。

The study has shown:(1) With increasing sediment depth and the woody giblets, the total organic carbon, the extraction of benzene , the total humic acids and the unhydrolyte are enhanced, while the hydrolyte is decreasing.(2) According to the GC-MS analysis, n-alkane,n-alkan-2-ones and n-alkanones are composed mainly of long-chains,such a result is thought to be characteristic of a herbaceous input from 2300a.B.P. n-alkanones exist in the samples may be considered as the evidence of microorganisms activity.(3) It is showed that the lipids is more sensitive to the climate change than the floristic. The proxy of the pollen spore of the peat stratum is different from the normal environment proxy. It is one of the main reasons that the sensitivity difference of the bog vegetation reacting to the climate isn't accordant with the log of the fat molecule fossil and biology fossil.(4) The transformation of the peat organic carbon is under the influence of temperature,acidity,organic material constituting, etc, and it showed the up-trend with the depth. In the short-term scale, the conversion of the peat organic carbon is effected by seasonal water,regional climate and vegetations; while in the long-term scale, it is controlled mainly by the climate.(5) According to the comparing the orderliness of organic compound,vegetation giblets with the depth to the characteristics of the peat molecule fossil with the section, in the development of this peatmire, 1500a B.P（210cm）is regard as the borderline of the late Holocene, the keynote of the front period is warm with several cold fluctuations, and the trend of the back period is dry and cold although there were several fluctuations.

研究表明：（1）随深度的增高及植物残体中木本残体的增多，总有机碳、苯萃取物、总腐植酸、不被水解物含量逐渐增高，而易水解物含量减少；（2）GC- MS分析显示，正构烷烃，直链烷基2-酮和正烷醇均以长链组分为主，揭示了该泥炭柱剖面2347a.B.P的母源输入以草本植物为主；甲基酮类和短链正烷醇的存在是微生物活性很大的生物证据；（3）通过有机分子标志物与孢粉、植物残体等指标的对比研究表明：脂类化合物对气候变化的反映要比植物种灵敏得多，不同沼泽植物对气候变化的敏感性的差异是脂类分子化石记录与生物大化石结果很难一致的主要原因之一；（4）泥炭有机碳的转化受到温度、酸度、有机物质组成等很多因素的影响，短时间尺度，泥炭有机碳的转化受季节性降水、地方气候和植被等因素的影响；长时间尺度，泥炭地有机碳的转化，受气候条件控制；（5）总结泥炭分子化石特征、泥炭有机质各组分含量及植物残体组成随深度的变异规律，分析结果显示该泥炭地层形成过程中，1500a B.P（210cm）可作为划分前后晚全新世的界线，前期的基调是气候偏暖，但又有几次偏干冷气候的反复，后期气候以干冷为主，其间虽有几次上升波动，但整体趋势不变。

If you dig down into a peat bog, you will find that there are horizontal layers, caused by variations in climate: in dry summers the surface of the bog will dry out and compact, whereas high rainfall will encourage the peat to grow.

如果您向下挖掘成泥炭沼泽，你会发现，有水平层，所造成的气候变化：在干燥的夏天的表面，将干沼泽和紧凑的，而降雨将鼓励泥炭增长。

The coal-forming model s in late permian eporch in Guangxi are divided into "two classes and three types", the two classes are peat bog coal-forming model and peat flat coal-forming model , the three types are bog type, tidal flat type and peat flat type coal-forming model s.

广西晚二叠世成煤模式划分为"两类三型"，即泥炭沼泽成煤模式和泥炭坪成煤模式两类，沼泽型、潮坪型和泥炭坪型等三型。

The process of terrestrialization of Hanlongwan lake mainly come through some phases as follows:(1)the phases of the lake's formation (3,300-2,250a BP);(2)the phases of lake's development (2,250-2,100a BP);(3)the beginning of terrestrial of Hanlongwan

旱龙湾湖泊沼泽化过程大致经历了以下阶段：(1)旱龙湾火口湖湖泊形成阶段(3，300-2，250 aBP)；(2)旱龙湾湖泊发育阶段(2，250-2，100 aBP)；(3)旱龙湾湖泊沼泽化伊始(2，100-1，500 aBP)；(4)旱龙湾沼泽化扩大发育阶段(1，500-750 aBP)；(5)富营养泥炭沼泽阶段(750-24 aBP)；(6)富、中营养泥炭沼泽阶段(24 aBP-今)。

Because of a high groundwater level and a strong erosion action, the coal formed in a low peat swamp is great in gelatification index and in groundwa ter index, which are in a negative correlation to the ratio of clean coal recove ry. While for the high peat swamp, IG and IGW are small, corresponding to a high ratio of clean coal recovery.

低位泥炭沼泽由于潜水位较高，水流对泥炭沼泽表面的改造和冲刷作用较强，形成的煤层具有较高的凝胶化指数和地下水流动指数，并且与精煤产率呈负相关，煤中粘土矿物和黄铁矿难以洗选；高位泥炭沼泽形成的煤层具有较低的凝胶化指数和地下水流动指数，泥炭积累速度较快，其精煤的产率较高。

The coal-forming model s in late permian eporch in Guangxi are divided into "two classes and three types", the two classes are peat bog coal-forming model and peat flat coal-forming model , the three types are bog type, tidal flat type and peat flat type coal-forming model s.

广西晚二叠世成煤模式划分为&两类三型&，即泥炭沼泽成煤模式和泥炭坪成煤模式两类，沼泽型、潮坪型和泥炭坪型等三型。

The research of marsh initiated in the 1960s in our country. However, the study of marsh sedimentation and environmental changes was relatively weak, even though we have done some preliminary works on an approach to the characteristics of sporepollen assemblage of peat in the Holocene and paleoenvironmwent, and formation mechanism and deposition kinetics of peatland since 1990s. But we are lacking in systematic research on gleying marsh, especially on recent short timescale and highresolution sedimentation records of environmental changes. There is a certain disparity in this field compared with lake sedimentation and environmental changes.

我国沼泽研究起步于20 世纪60 年代，期间有关沼泽沉积与环境的研究相对薄弱，90 年代以来虽已在泥炭沼泽孢粉解译全新世环境变化与泥炭沉积动力学方面有初步积累，但对潜育沼泽缺乏系统研究，尤其缺乏近代短时间尺度高分辨率环境变化历史记录研究，这方面与湖泊沉积及其环境演变研究相比已形成一定的差距。

According to the research to coal bad and peat bad of predecessor sand author, author point out the characteristic of the peat deposition, and on this basis, build up the peat depositional system and its mbdel of producing coal. At the same time, author point out that the larse-sca1e peatforming swamp correspond to the transforming stage between the high system tract and transgress system tract of sequence.

根据前人与本次对泥炭和煤层的研究，指出了泥炭沉积的特征并依此建立了泥炭沼泽体系和及其成煤模式；指出大规模的泥炭沼泽体系的发育对应于层序的高位体系域与海侵体系域的转折期。

According to the research to coal bad and peat bad of predecessor sand author, author point outthe characteristic of the peat deposition, and on this basis, build up the peat depositional system andits mbdel of producing coal. At the same time, author point out that the larse-sca1e peatformingswamp correspond to the transforming stage between the high system tract and transgress systemtract of sequence.

根据前人与本次对泥炭和煤层的研究，指出了泥炭沉积的特征并依此建立了泥炭沼泽体系和及其成煤模式；指出大规模的泥炭沼泽体系的发育对应于层序的高位体系域与海侵体系域的转折期。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。