沼泽

Studies showed that there were two typical combinations of the facies in the filling sedimentary sequence of the epicontinental basin, wherein one was the depositional diastem developed between the facies, which was a discontinuous combination of the depositional facies with continuous time sequence, namely the exposed sediments, the tidal flat swamp and the peat swamp, and the shallow marine sediments appeared from bottom to top; and the other was the continuous sequence with gradually evolved sedimentary environment, in which it was a continuous process that the tidal flat swamp turned gradually into the peat swamp.

研究表明：陆表海盆地充填沉积序列中有两种较为典型的相组合，一是相与相间发育沉积间断面，为不连续沉积相组合，但在时间序列上是连续的，即自下而上依次为暴露沉积、潮坪沼泽及泥炭沼泽、浅海沉积；第二种序列是连续相序，盆地的环境演化是渐变的，潮坪沼泽化逐渐泥炭沼泽化是一个连续过程。

In the early phase of mire research, Swedish scientists were in the highest flight on mire classification, evolution and geobotany, and they had made a very important contribution to the development of mire science.

早期的瑞典沼泽学者在泥炭沼泽分类、演化及沼泽植物地理学研究等方面处于国际领先地位，对学科的发展做出了重大贡献。

The prediction results show that: by 2100, under the B1, the potential mire area will decrease about 54.16%, and mires will disappear in the south of the flat hilly regions and intermontane plains; under the SRES A1B, the potential mire area will decrease about 59.62%, and mires in south forest regions will disappear; under the SRES A2, the potential mire area will decrease about 73.51%, and mires will be found only in the north area with higher elevations.

所建模型具有很高的预测精度（ROC为0.96），预测结果表明：到2100年，SRES B1情景下，大兴安岭北部沼泽的潜在分布面积减少54.16%，南部相对平坦的丘陵和山间平原的沼泽大量消失；SRES A1B情景下，面积减少59.62%，南部林区的沼泽几乎全部消失；SRES A2情景下，面积减少73.51%，沼泽几乎完全退化到北部海拔较高处。

After nest found, the dominating ecological factors with definite distance to nest tree (less than 10 meters) including tree species, tree height, habitat type of nesting-tree, nest position, the type of nesting tree branch, nest type, the type of nest-site, the viability status of tree and branch was described and measured. Geography coordinates (latitude-longitude) was converted into orthogonal coordinates, and add to Arcview3.2 as shape-file, and measured the distance between nest and the habitat type including double-line river, lake, seasonal lake, shallow mire, deep water mire, meadow mire, farmland, sparse forest, forest marsh, the boundary of Nature Reserve and road.

将调查所获得的东方白鹳巢址坐标转换成平面直角坐标，并将巢位点作为Arcview3.2中的矢量图层加入到已经矢量化的洪河保护区生境类型图中，运用Arcview3.2的距离量算功能，量算出每个巢距各生境类型的距离，包括双线河、湖泊、时令湖、轻沼泽、重沼泽、沼泽化草甸、旱田、疏林和森林沼泽，以及距保护区边界和公路的距离。

Grain-size analysis and sedimentary structure observation show that different types of swamp deposit sections are characterized by pluvial-paludal deposit cycles, which includes a pluvial period and a paludal period.

粒度分析与沉积构造观察表明，华北平原不同类型沼泽沉积剖面都具有洪水-沼泽沉积旋回特征，每一个旋回对应一个洪水期和一个沼泽期。

The process of terrestrialization of Hanlongwan lake mainly come through some phases as follows:(1)the phases of the lake's formation (3,300-2,250a BP);(2)the phases of lake's development (2,250-2,100a BP);(3)the beginning of terrestrial of Hanlongwan

旱龙湾湖泊沼泽化过程大致经历了以下阶段：(1)旱龙湾火口湖湖泊形成阶段(3，300-2，250 aBP)；(2)旱龙湾湖泊发育阶段(2，250-2，100 aBP)；(3)旱龙湾湖泊沼泽化伊始(2，100-1，500 aBP)；(4)旱龙湾沼泽化扩大发育阶段(1，500-750 aBP)；(5)富营养泥炭沼泽阶段(750-24 aBP)；(6)富、中营养泥炭沼泽阶段(24 aBP-今)。

Testing for"K"、diffusivity"D"of wetland soil transmissivity and simulation of hydrologic processes of typical wetlands are made based on the indoor dynamic modeling experiment and the mathematic model simulations. The hydrologic response of river distinguish form that of the wetlands. And this is because that wetland has special hydrologic functions. The hydroperiod of wetlands is coincident with the precipitation period of watershed.

通过室内动态模拟实验测定了不同断面沼泽土壤的导水率K和扩散率D，水文数学模型RMA2模型和GIS相结合模拟了典型沼泽湿地的水文过程，河流和沼泽湿地的水文响向应具有明显的差异性，这是沼泽湿地水系统具有特殊水文功能的基础，沼泽的水文周期与流域降水周期是一致的。

On the basis of study on the petrographic characteristics of coal 2 -2 in Shenmu Coalfield,three types of peat swamp are recognized,i.

在研究神木煤田2－2煤层煤岩特征的基础上，划分了三种泥炭沼泽类型，即开阔水体草本沼泽、陆地森林沼泽和潮湿森林沼泽。

The research of marsh initiated in the 1960s in our country. However, the study of marsh sedimentation and environmental changes was relatively weak, even though we have done some preliminary works on an approach to the characteristics of sporepollen assemblage of peat in the Holocene and paleoenvironmwent, and formation mechanism and deposition kinetics of peatland since 1990s. But we are lacking in systematic research on gleying marsh, especially on recent short timescale and highresolution sedimentation records of environmental changes. There is a certain disparity in this field compared with lake sedimentation and environmental changes.

我国沼泽研究起步于20 世纪60 年代，期间有关沼泽沉积与环境的研究相对薄弱，90 年代以来虽已在泥炭沼泽孢粉解译全新世环境变化与泥炭沉积动力学方面有初步积累，但对潜育沼泽缺乏系统研究，尤其缺乏近代短时间尺度高分辨率环境变化历史记录研究，这方面与湖泊沉积及其环境演变研究相比已形成一定的差距。

On the basis of summarizing the status quotation of related researches at home and abroad, problems in related researches and studies are analyzed and the important research fields and contents in marsh sedimentology are chosen:Establishing different model of marsh sedimentation, to support marsh definition and classification from sedimentology; Advancing theory and quantification, to analyze formation process of marsh from quality to quantity methods; Applying modern sampling system and setting up standard sedimentation profiles; Strengthening the research of gleying marsh inland and its recent process and evidence derived from sedimentation profile; Enlarging geography fields and comparing between spatial and temporal research, and enforcing regional short timescale and highresolution environmental change; Paying much more attention on correlations between watershed environment and information derived from marsh sedimentary records and especially on their controlling mechanism.

主要从学术文献、权威机关与科研机构两个方面对相关的国内外研究现状和进展进行总结，针对国内外研究现状和存在的问题提出了今后研究的重点：建立不同成因的沼泽沉积环境模式，从沉积学角度对沼泽定义及分类提供支撑；注重理论提升与定量化，使沼泽形成过程分析从定性描述走向定量化；注重现代化采样系统的应用与标准沉积剖面的建立；加强内陆潜育沼泽研究，注重现代过程与沉积剖面证据；扩大地理覆盖面，加强时空对比，加强沼泽区域性短尺度、高分辨率环境演化研究；深化沼泽沉积信息与流域环境变迁耦合机制研究。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。