油菜

Aqueous extract of cotton has allelopathic effect on Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Lactuca indica, Brassica campestris, Echinochloa crusgall, Setaria viridis and Abutilon theophrasti and its inhibition effect gradually strengthens with increasing concentration. Aqueous extracts from stems, leaves and roots of cotton inhibit or accelerate seed germination and seedling growth, and activity of enzyme of seedling root of cotton. While aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of cotton are 0.02 gmL^(-1), root length, shoot length, lateral root number and dry weight of cotton respectively increase by 10.3%, 3.1%, 22.9% and 2.4% over the control. The above mentioned indexes are lower than the control by 34.4%, 39.2%, 40.6% and 19.0% respectively as the aqueous extracts are 0.1 gmL^(-1). At the same time, root activity and SOD activity decrease by 38.2% and 36.7%, while POD activity and MDA content increase by 52.3% and 36.5%. Growth indexes of plant receptors increase at low concentrations but decrease at high concentrations of aqueous extracts. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of stems and leaves is stronger than that of root.

结果表明：棉花植株水浸提液对萝卜、白菜、莴苣、油菜、稗草、狗尾草、苘麻均具有化感效应，随着作用浓度增加，抑制效应逐渐加强；棉花茎叶和根系水浸提液对棉花种子萌发、幼苗生长、幼苗根系活力、根系酶活性有抑制或促进作用，当茎叶浸提液浓度为0.02 gmL^(-1)时，棉花根长、苗高、侧根数、干重分别比对照增加10.3%、3.1%、22.9%和2.4%，当浓度为0.1 gmL^(-1)时，上述指标与对照相比分别降低34.4%、39.2%、40.6%和19.0%，而根系活力、SOD活性比对照降低38.2%、36.7%，POD活性、MDA含量较对照增加52.3%和36.5%，不同浓度棉花植株水浸提液对棉花生长呈现"低促高抑"的规律，且茎叶浸提液作用效应大于根系浸提液。

Main cash crops include cotton, soybeans, peanuts, rape, sesame, ambary hemp, and tea.

主要的商品作物有棉花，大豆，花生，油菜，芝麻，黄麻，和茶叶。

Nigra, B. oleracea and B. carinata belonged to class 2A according to the classification of karyotypes by Stebbins (1971). According to Levitzky's and Stebbin's view, the more asymmetric karyotype a species has, the more evolved it is. Therefore, B. campestris is the furthest evolved species among the elementary species, and B. juncea and B. napus the furthest among the amphidiploid species. Compared with the previous reports, there is no any cytoplasm in the chromosome sample prepared using this protocol which is very useful for the karyotype analysis, as well as the FISH research on Brassica species.

对上述研究结果分析表明：（1）芸薹属复合种是由基本种相互杂交而成；（2）B基因组与A或与C基因组亲缘关系较远，而A和C基因组亲缘关系较近；（3）芸薹属复合种在演化过程中，发生了染色体结构上的重排现象；（4）芸薹属复合种演化过程中，rRNA基因位点发生了减少；所获结果与国外同类报道相比表明：国内的白菜型油菜存在新的rRNA基因位点，即rRNA基因在芸薹属同一物种不同的品种间具有多态性；有关这类研究国内尚未见报道。

These five strains were identified as Bacillus cereus、Acinetobacter calcoaceticu、Pantoea agglomrans、Pseudomonas putida and Pantoea ananas by 16S rDNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, respectively. These bacteria species is the first reported in oilseed rape rape.

本研究显示从油菜内生细菌中可筛选到拮抗作用好的菌株，并且内生细菌可产生具有抑菌活性的代谢物，可以作为对多种植物病原真菌具有抑菌活性物质的筛选资源。

The seedling height and the leaf area increased after treatments.3 Rape seeds were cultured in the solution containing diosgenin of different concentrations. The different concentrations of diosgenin affected metabolism of rape seedlings, particularly at a concentration of 0.5mg/L. The treatments of 0.5mg/L diosgenin increased prominently the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and the activity of peroxidase, catalase, Ca2+- ATPase in rape cotyledons.4 Rape seedlings were sprayed with 0.5mg/L diosgenin solution at the two-leaf and one-bud stage.

油菜种子经不同浓度的薯蓣皂素浸种处理后，0.5 mg／L的薯蓣皂素明显影响油菜幼苗生理代谢，子叶中可溶性蛋白质和可溶性总糖含量提高，过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，Ca~(2+)-ATP酶的活性上升。

It is conducive to uptake soil nitrogen for flue-tobacco on dryland soil with maize-tobacco rotation before topping (60 days after transplanting) and uptake soil nitrogen for flue-tobacco on paddy soil with rice-tobacco rotation after topping.2 The nitrogen utilization efficiency of rapeseed cake, rice straw and rape straw were 19.5%, 15.5%, 8.1% respectively, and the inorganic fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency were 41.1%, 42.7% and 35.7% under the combined application of organic additives and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. The contribution rate of rapeseed cake, rice straw, rape straw to accumulated nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco were 1.0%, 2.4%, 2.7% respectively by the combined application of organic additives and nitrogen fertilizer. Flue-cured tobacco for organic nitrogen absorption meet with the nitrogen needs laws of high-quality tobacco, indicating that the combined application organic additives and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer reduces the nicotine content of tobacco, an increase of sugar/nicotine ratio and improved the quality of tobacco. In which the role of rice and rape straw is greater than the rapeseed cake can be used as measures to lower nicotine.3 Nitrogen accumulation in flue-cured tobacco with the total nitrogen input was a significant positive correlation during the growth stage of flue-cured tobacco. The total nitrogen input for the 156.3-405.5kg.hm-2, in which the soil nitrogen mineralization capacity account for 22.6%-54.3%, with an average of 34.5%, that is, soil nitrogen mineralization accounted for 1/3 of the total nitrogen input.

旱地轮作土壤有利于烤烟生长前期对土壤氮素的吸收，水旱轮作土壤增加了烤烟生长后期对土壤氮的吸收。2在有机添加物与无机氮肥配施条件下，烤烟对有机添加物中氮的吸收规律基本符合优质烟的需氮规律，其中烤烟对菜籽饼肥、稻草秸秆、油菜秸秆所含氮素的利用率分别为19.5%、15.5%、8.1%，所配施无机氮肥的利用率分别为41.1%、42.7%和35.7%，菜籽饼肥、稻草秸秆、油菜秸秆对烤烟氮素累积量的贡献分别为1.0%、2.4%、2.7%。3不同轮作方式及添加有机物条件下氮素平衡结果显示，烤烟生长期间的氮输入总量为156.3-405.5kg.hm-2，其中矿化氮量为输入总氮量的22.6%-54.3%，平均为34.5%，约为输入总氮量的1/3；肥料氮的利用率为31.4%-42.7%；植烟土壤氮素表观损失率在37.5%-57.2%，平均为46.9%，约为输入总氮量的一半。

The increments of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil were 3.05~3.06g/kg, 0.06~0.07g/kg and 0.01~0.26g/kg, respectively. Spring wheat-spring highland barley or spring highland barley-winter wheat rotation also was benefited to raise soil fertility.

轮作周期内春稞→春油菜、春小麦→春油菜轮作对以细菌为主导的土壤微生物的生长与繁殖具有显著的促进作用，耕层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷的绝对增长量分别达3.05~3.06g/kg，0.06~0.07g/kg，0.01~0.26g/kg。

This paper presents the present development of rape combine home and abroad and the running principle of typical threshing and separating system. And comparative experimental investigations are done between different threshing and separating systems, such as rasp-bar-plate-tooth drum with grid concave, axial-flow -short-rasp-bar drum with grid concave and spike-tooth drum with grid concave.

本文详细介绍了国内、外油菜联合收割机研究现状及典型的物料脱粒分离系统的工作原理，对油菜联合收割机不同的脱粒分离部件组合的脱粒分离系统——纹杆—板齿-栅格凹板、短纹杆—栅格凹板、钉齿—栅格凹板脱粒分离系统进行了对比试验与研究。

The effect of N forms and Ratios on iron nutrition in hydroponically grown lettuce were investigated. It was found that suitable ratioNO3--N:NH4+-N:CO(NH22 =6:6:0 in nutrient solution can significantly promote plant growth, raise chlorophyll content, improve plant iron utilization efficiency, and reduces nitrate content accumulation in leaves, and the cost of nutrient solution was thus reduced.

硝态氮、氨态氮与酰胺态氮及其不同配比对水培油菜铁素营养的影响试验，结果表明，不同形态氮素显著影响植物的铁素营养状况，NO_3~--N：NH_4~--N：CO(NH_2)_2为6：6：0的处理比单一NO_3~--N使用处理，能促进水培油菜生长，提高叶绿素含量，增加植物体内铁的活性，降低叶片中硝酸盐含量的积累，降低营养液成本。

Under the climatic conditions of Chengtu , the opening of the flowers of the.

胜利油菜的传粉习性在成都地区条件下，胜利油菜的开花散粉过程，多数花朵系从傍晚开始活动。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。