河道

The results show that rising of groundwater levels after water transportation plays an important role in the decreasing in the crown loss of Populus euphratica, and the crown loss of Populus euphratica gradually increases with increasing distance from the river course. The trees crown loss was less than 10%, which mainly was distributed within 100 metres to each side from the river course. The proportion of crown loss of overmature and effete forests were 50%-75% within 200 to 400 metres.

应急生态输水后地下水位的抬升对胡杨树冠疏失度的降低产生一定的作用；总体上，胡杨的树冠疏失度随着离河道距离的增加逐步增大，而且离河道越远，疏失度增加的程度就越大；树冠疏失度小于10%的旺盛胡杨主要分布在离河道100m之内，其中多以疏失度少于50%的长势较好的胡杨为主。

The medium-grained sandstones and medium-fine-grained sandstones form good reservoirs and the poststones medium reservoirs, while siltstones form poor reservoirs and pelitic siltstones poorest reservoirs. Sand bodies mostly develop in sand-flats, tidal channels and distributary channels of braided stream delta microfacies. The reservoir rocks of sand-flat and tidal channel are best with the physical property. Diagenesis such as compaction, cementation and dissolution has strongly reformed the reservoir rocks and the late dissolution has greatly improved their porosity and permeability.

中粒砂岩、中细粒砂岩属好储层，细粒砂岩属中等储层，粉细砂岩，粉砂岩属较差储层，而泥质粉砂岩则属差储层；砂坪、潮道和辫状河三角洲分流河道微相中的砂体最发育，它们决定了储集岩的发育、分布及原始物性条件；砂坪和潮道储集岩的物性最好，辫状河三角洲分流河道储集岩的物性次之，砂泥混合坪、辫状河三角洲分流河道间储集岩的物性较差；成岩作用对本区CⅠ油组的储层有强烈的改造作用，尤其是较晚期的溶蚀作用对岩石的储集性能有明显的改善，对本区CⅠ油组中孔高渗透储层的形成有很大的贡献。

It is proved that the fan-delta front subfacies including submerged dis

确定出工区在青山口时期主要处于扇三角洲前缘亚相，发育水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝和席状砂微相；而在姚家时期主要处于扇三角洲平原亚相，发育河道和河道间微相。

According to the theory of hierarchical description of reservoir, geological entities of different orders is described step by step in Lamadian oil-field, and the technical standards which can be convenient to manipulate is established. Otherwise 7 kinds of fine depositional models such as large-sized depositional sandbody of braided river, meandering river, low-sinuosity-straight distributary channel, crevasse channel, channel bar, subwater distrbutary channel and sandsheets are established.

中文摘要本文根据储层层次描述原理，在宏观上对喇嘛甸油田不同级次的地质实体进行了逐级描述，确立了各个技术环节便于操作的技术标准，建立了大型砂质辫状河砂体沉积、大型曲流河沉积、低弯曲-顺直型分流河道沉积、决口河道沉积、心滩沉积、水下分流河道沉积、薄层席状砂体沉积7种类型精细的沉积模型。

Aimed at the complexity of fluvial strata, such measures as well cyclical comparison, step control and geological analysis of reference beds have been applied. Moreover the paper has developed a set of methods the techniques to extract the parameters controlling the formation of intra-sandbody thin interbeds. The present study has examined how thin interbeds affect the frame property and heterogeneity of individual sandbodies; revealed the permeability space distribution mode of meandering distributary channel's single side lithosomic body and straight distributary channel's aggrading lithosomic body. Through applying the distributary channel sandbody structural unit classifying and identifying method achievement, some horizontal wells have been deployed to dig the residual oil in the top of hick pay zone in the xing8-9 area, which shows better effect after they have been put into production.

针对分流河流砂体沉积特点采用了旋回对比、分级控制、不同相带区别对待的单油层对比方法；利用取心井、对子井等资料研究形成了分流河道砂体内部结构单元的倾角、倾向、规模等参数的提取方法；搞清了内部结构单元对单一砂体内非均质性的控制作用，建立了分流平原相单一点坝侧积体及顺直型分流河道单一加积体层内渗透率分布模式及剩余油分布模式，应用分流河道砂体结构单元划分方法识别研究成果，在杏树岗油田杏八九区纯油区部署了水平井，投产后见到了较好的厚油层顶部剩余油挖潜效果。

The complex characteristics of velocity and water elevation changes at both banks of the curved sections, auto-reassignment of discharges and momentum as well as vortices and super-elevation near the corner of embranchment regions in the furcated channels are displayed. The effects of wetting bed and drying bed are discussed simultaneously.

首次针对180°强弯曲河道、90°双支以及45°三支分叉渠道，数值预报了溃坝波的演进过程，揭示了溃坝波在弯曲河道中内外两岸速度与水位变化，在分叉河道中自动进行流量与动量再分配，在叉点角区形成旋涡、壅高等复杂运动特征，同时反映了湿底与干底的影响。

A case study was conducted of the section of the Ancient Great Canal between Jingkou Lock and Yingjiang Bridge in Zhenjiang. Following the multi-natural-river conception, an integrative assessment index system was established, reflecting characteristics, functions and socio-environmental effects of river ecosystems.

以镇江古运河京口闸－迎江桥段生态河道建设为例，以多自然河道理念为指导，建立反映河道生态系统特征、生态系统功能、社会环境效应的综合评价指标体系。

Using maximum flooding surface and local explosure erosion surface as the correlation framework surface in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles, sand-body in the 3-th hierarchical base-level cycles formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles may be correlated layer by layer. The law of the sand-body and the characters of reservoir heterogeneity formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles are discussed. The study shows:①During early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subaqueous distributary channel formed, continuously stacked vertically, and migrated in limit range laterally, and channel sand-body stretches farther longitudinally, and lacks interbeds of mud rock and siltsand in sand rock, reservoir heterogeneity is relatively weak.②During mid-period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subsaqueous distributary channel migrated actively, channel divided and converged strongly to form netted sand-body and sand sheet mainly, but interbeds of mud rock and siltsand increases gradually in sand-body, reservoir heterogeneity increased.③During later period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level rising and early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level falling, reservoir sand-body was poor, and only form thin sand-body of subsaqueous distributary channel, subsaqeuous creveas and distal mouth bar, sand-bodys are surrounded by mud and silt rock.

进一步采用以第4层次基准面旋回中相当最大湖泛面的相转换面和具有区域性暴露侵蚀作用的层序边界面为等时地层对比框架的边界，对发育于MSC2—MSC4三个第4层次基准面旋回的第3层次基准面旋回内砂体进行了逐层等时对比，探讨第4层次等时地层对比格架内储集砂体发育分布规律，及储集砂体的非均质性特点，研究发现：①第4层次基准面上升初期发育的水下分流河道，砂体呈连续叠置、侧向迁移受限，纵向上呈长距离延伸的带状产出，砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层少，储层非均质性相对较弱；②在第4层次基准面上升中期发育的水下分流河道侧向迁移活跃，纵向延伸过程中分流汇合作用强烈，以形成网状或席状连片砂体为主，但砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层逐渐增多，储层非均质性增强；③第4层次基准面上升晚期和下降早期，不利于储集砂体发育，仅出现少量薄的水下分流河道、水下决口扇、远—河口砂坝砂体。

The research results indicate that the qualities of the Jurassic reservoir are dominated by construction. Good reservoirs lie to an advantaged nose protrusion, nearly relating to the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies. The reservoir that lies on the main position in the riverway has better gathering characters. Because argillaceous content is increase and the porosity and permeability became smaller, the character of the reservoir becomes bad in the flood plain area that lies on the skirted riverway and between riverways. Characters of the layer relate to the distribution of main sand-body that the better feature of the layer and the bigger thick of sandbody layer.

通过综合储层含油性、非均质性、分类研究的GIS 分析结果，研究认为：长西油田侏罗系储层性质受构造控制，储集性好的储层在区域上大多属于一个有利的鼻状隆起；且与沉积微相的展布密切相关，在河道主体部位的储层其储集性一般都较好，而在河道侧缘和河道之间的泛滥平原沉积区，泥质含量增加，孔渗性变差，储层的储集性也变差；储层优劣与主砂带的分布也有关，砂层厚度越大，储集性越好。

Tally up the course of river ecosystem needs the calculation method that the amount of water already has and applies the condition, according to the characteristics of the province sea river area plain course of river of Shandong, the least that makes use of Tennant method etc.

总结河道生态需水量已有的计算方法和适用条件，根据山东省海河流域平原河道的特点，利用Tennant法等方法计算出山东省海河流域河道内生态的最小需水量。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。