河流控制

〗 key teches and main methods were put forward basic on water pollution control of inflowing rivers of LakeTaihu.

摘 要〗简述了太湖入湖河流水污染控制的基本思路、关键环节和主要方法。

Based on investigation and assessment of heavy metal pollution in water, mud and creature samples of Jilin Songhua River and its upstreams, it is found that mercury pollution tended to be worse, which had ever been controlled efficiently in the early 1980's.

通过对吉林松花湖及其上游入湖河流水质、底泥、动植物样品中重金属污染的调查和评价，发现20世纪80年代初开始基本得到控制的汞污染现象又呈加重趋势。

The river flows north stroppy mainland to some of the most fertile farmland by humans, is now fully controlled properly.

这条难以驾驭的河流流经北美大陆一些最肥沃的农田，现已完全由人类控制得当。

For each strategy, a corresponding exploitation plan of groundwater was designed. Then each designed exploitation plan (except scheme 3) was put into the model for calculation and simulation. The analysis on the forecasting results every plan indicates that:(1) Shuting down the self-provided wells is the most direct and effective method, playing an important role in the land subsidence prevention.(2) The resumption of compressed soil by groundwater artificial recharge is limited. So the artificial recharge can\'t provide essential effect for the resumption of land subsidence, unless the artificial recharge is much more than the groundwater withdrawal.(3) The method of "adjusting the exploitation stratum of groundwater to the shallow" has an obvious effect on the land subsidence prevention.(4)"Sand wells" can increase the leakage recharge for confined aquifer, and thus can slow and prevent the development of the land subsidence.(5) For the groundwater exploitation in Xi\'an, emergency self-provided wells should be managed according to the well spacing of 1600m, 2000m and 1600m, respectively, in the river terrace area, alluvial-proluvial fan area and loess tableland area to exploit the first confined groundwater. Corresponding individual well yield can be set as 2500m~3/d, 1500 m~3/d and 200 m~3/d. Make emergency self-provided wells pump in the dry year and stop pumping groundwater to restore and conserve underground water sources in average years and wet years. In this way, groundwater withdrawal of 162000m~3/d can be obtained to provide for the supplement of water supply in Xi\'an. As a result, the water supply stress can be released in dry years. The groundwater depression formed in the exploiting year can resume in 3-4 years. At the same time, this exploitation manner will not lead to obvious land subsidence.

本文利用所建的模型预测了现状开采条件下未来20年的地下水位和地面沉降的变化，在此基础上，提出了防治西安市地面沉降的五个地下水开采方案，利用所建的地面沉降模型对各个设计方案其进行了模拟和预报，对预测结果的分析表明：①封停自备井是防治地面沉降最为直接和最有效的对策，对防治地面沉降起着最为积极的作用；②采用人工回灌方法使被压缩的土层得到的恢复是非常有限的，对地面沉降不能起到根治作用，只有回灌量明显大于开采量时才能有一定的效果；③&调整开采层次，在浅层取水&对防治地面沉降的效果十分明显；④布设&砂井&可以增加对承压含水层的越流补给量，从而可以有效地缓解和控制地面沉降的发生和发展；⑤对西安市的地下水开采，可在河流阶地区、冲洪积扇区和黄土塬区分别采用1600m、2000m、1600m的井间距布置应急自备井，分别采用2500m~3/d、1500 m~3/d和200 m~3/d的单井开采量，开采第一承压水，在平水年或者丰水年不开采，涵养地下水源，在枯水年启动这些应急自备井开采，在输出分析范围内共可获得162000 m~3/d(5913万m~3/a)开采量，可以有效地补充西安市的供水水源，缓解供水紧张局面，开采年开采导致的下降的水位可在停采3～4年后得到基本恢复，同时，这种开采方式不会造成大的地面沉降量。

Gold placer deposits are controlled by drainage system land form and source of gold materials.They occur in the special Qat river terrace and Qtpu sandy conglomerate beds. Burial depth of the deposit is 5￣12m,with gold placer grade between 0 131 and

砂金矿受水系，中低山地形地貌格局和金物质来源的控制，赋存在特定的Qat河流阶地和Qtpu层位砂砾层中，层位稳定，矿床埋深5～12m，砂金品位0.131～0.235g／m3。

The west route project will supply certain amount of water to the river to increase the self-purifying capacities.

南水北调西线工程为下游提供的水量增加了河流的自净能力，同时通过采取控制水质的综合措施，将有助于&水质不超标&目标的实现。

For example, in a recent election, voters had to decide if they favored or opposed an increase in property taxes, the construction of a canal that would divert water from one part of the state to another, mandatory AIDS testing for criminals, and a rent control ordinance, in addition to deciding which candidate they preferred for diverse political offices including governor, state treasurer, county commissioner, and trustee of the local library system.

选民除了要决定各种各样的行政职务--包括州长、财政部长、县长、地方的图书馆董事等等--的最佳候选人之外，他们还要对诸多内容做出赞同或反对的决定，这些内容包括，一项增加财产税的措施，一个有可能将河流从国家的一部分转向另一部分的运河建造工程，对罪犯进行强制的艾滋病检测规定，以及一条租金控制的条例。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。