河岸

A review of river management history in various countries is used in this thesis to discuss the future development trends of river management and the relationship between river health and river management.Based on the characterization and assessment of river health, Five components of stream condition are presented in this thesis to characterize river health: water quality, aquatic life, physical form, hydrology and streamside zone. It is obtained by comparing the methods and criteria that have been developed by others and reviewing the river assessment practices in various countries. Accounting for the features of urbanization region in plain river network, an indicator system for river health assessment which provides scores for 5 subindices and 17 indicators is established. With almost 200 stream reaches in Shanghai as objective of study and Liwa stream and Zhangjiabang Creek as case study, the application of river health assessment in the planning, baseline survey and post-project appraisal of river management is explored by collecting historical literature and field monitoring. Consequently, some suggestions to improve river management effectiveness are presented from the angle of river health.

本文回顾河流管理漫长历程并指出当前国际发展趋势，进而辨析河流健康状况与河流管理的关系；以河流健康状况的表征和评价为核心，通过对国外RIVPACS、AUSRIVAS、IBI、RCE、ISC等河流健康状况评价方法的分析和比较，以及对美国、英国、澳大利亚、南非等国家河流健康状况评价实践的总结，尝试从理化参数、生物指标、形态结构、水文特征、河岸带状况5个方面全面表征河流健康状况；结合中国东部平原河网地区自身特点，通过评价原则、评价指标、评价标准、评价权重确定等步骤，初步构建了包含河流水文、河流形态、河岸带状况、河流水质以及河流生物5个一级指标(共17个指标)的河流健康状况评价指标体系；在此基础上，采用资料收集与现场实测相结合的方法，以上海近200条中心河道为研究对象，以丽娃河和张家浜为典型案例，分别就河流健康状况在河流管理规划、现状评估以及后评估中的应用进行实证研究，并尝试探讨如何从这三个阶段利用河流健康状况评估改进河流管理的对策。

The drought resistance of Chinese Wild Vitis species was studied by shape index, relative water content, and relative plasma permeability under the conditions of drought stress, and evaluated by subordinative function.

本研究以中国葡萄属野生种8个种11个株系，欧洲葡萄2个品种，河岸葡萄及燕山—1×河岸葡萄107株F_1代杂种共122份材料为试材，调查了盆栽干旱胁迫条件下叶片的形态变化指标，测定了相对含水量和细胞膜相对透性两项指标；以隶属函数法为手段处理这三项指标，对供试的葡萄属植物的抗旱性进行了综合评价。

When it was dark I set by my camp fire smoking, and feeling pretty well satisfied; but by and by it got sort of lonesome, and so I went and set on the bank and listened to the current swashing along, and counted the stars and drift logs and rafts that come down, and then went to bed; there ain't no better way to put in time when you are lonesome; you can't stay so, you soon get over it.

天黑了，我在营帐边上抽着烟，心里觉得挺满意的。慢慢地又感到有点儿寂寞。我便在河岸上坐下，倾听着流水冲刷河岸声，数数天上的星星，数数从上游漂下来的木头和木筏子，然后去睡觉。在寂寞的时候，这是消磨时间最好的办法了。你不会老是这样的，你很快就会习惯的。

Base on comparison with the remote sensing data in 1982 and 2000 and field investigation, the results of land cover and land use change were obtained by the method of landscape analysis. Ten types of land use were identified: riparian woods, riparian shrubbery, desert shrubbery, desert grassland, river-way and water area, salinised land, town, Gobi, shift sand dune, denudative upland. The results show that,(1) there were obvious changes in land cover structure.

根据黑河下游额济纳绿洲土地生态分类，利用1982年与2000年2期TM遥感数据对比和野外实地调查，采用景观生态空间分布格局分析方法，分为河岸乔木林、河岸灌草林、荒漠稀疏灌丛、荒漠稀疏草地、河道与水域、盐碱化土地、城镇、戈壁、流动沙丘和剥蚀地山丘陵，从各类土地分布面积变化和类型转移趋向与幅度两个方面，分析了额济纳绿洲20年来土地覆被变化。

According to the cluster analysis of mortalit y and salt tolerance index,the tested accessions can be classified into f ive groups:sensi-tive,low tolerant ,moderately tolerant ,tolerant and high tolerant.Vitis champnii was high tolerant ;V.rupestris and V.a-murensis×V .labrusca were low tolerant.There were greatly differences of the tolerance am ong the varieties of V.riparia,of which many species were mode...

结果表明，不同种质的耐盐力从0.1%～0.4%不等；野生葡萄中的香槟尼的耐盐性好；沙地葡萄和山美杂种的耐盐性较差；河岸葡萄各品种间的耐盐性差异较大，其中，多数品种的耐盐力居中；河岸葡萄与沙地葡萄、冬葡萄的杂种后代的耐盐性也有不同程度的差异性；我国广泛作为砧木的贝达葡萄的耐盐性居中。

These administrative permits allow for diversion of water for beneficial uses to nonriparian landowners and to ensure that riparian landowners' use of water is reasonable.

这些行政许可允许水以有偿的方式转移给非河岸土地所有者，同时确保河岸土地所有者对水的利用也是合理的。

The park under development: Concrete was removed, diverse terrain on the river bed and along the riparian plane were laid to create various habitats for native plants, and the river bank was graded, allowing for people to access the water.

公园在发展之下：具体物被移动，不同的地带在河上固定，而且向前河岸的飞机被放置为本地人植物产生各种不同的栖息地，而且河岸被定等级，考虑到人存取水。

Borrows me 3000 虎贲, turns round my enormous and powerful China,the Danube River bank waters a horse, storehouse leaf island firstprize snow; Shore of the Black Sea fishes, Lake Baikal draws a bow;The South China Peninsula visits antiquities, east in the nationalcapital offers a sacrifice to a Chinese row ancestor!

轮流回合我国巨大的，强大的中国，多瑙河河岸水域马，库叶岛firstprize雪；岸上的黑海鱼类，贝加尔湖得出弓；华南借用了我三千虎贲，转折圆我的巨大的，强大的中国，多瑙河河岸水域马，库叶岛firstprize雪；岸上的黑海鱼类，贝加尔湖得出弓；南中国半岛参观古物，东在nationalcapital提供了不少代价，中国连续祖先！

And when the evening mist clothes the riverside with poetry, as with a veil, and the poor buildings lose themselves in the dim sky, and the tall chimneys become campanili, and the warehouses are palaces in the night, and the whole city hangs in the heavens, and fairy-land is before us——then the wayfarer hastens home; the working man and the cultured one, the wise man and the one of pleasure, cease to understand, as they have ceased to see, and Nature, who, for once, has sung in tune, sings her exquisite song to the artist alone, her son and her master——her son in that he loves her, her master in that he knows her.

当夜间的水气用诗歌的外衣覆盖住河岸时，河岸就像披着面纱般。破旧的房屋在昏暗的天空下消失不见了，高耸的烟囱变成了希腊神殿，仓库成了夜晚的宫殿，整个城市悬居在空中，仙境就在我们面前----旅人快步往家赶；上班的人和学生们，博学和玩乐的人们在他们停止去看的那一刻开始就停止了理解，而自然，如果说曾唱过歌的话，那就是独独向艺术家，她的儿子及主宰者一展过那美妙的歌喉---对她的儿子是因为他爱她，对它的主宰者是因为他了解她。

Chinesepod is a no-frills operation: althoughbased in Shanghai, the wealth and style capital of China, the 50 staff work in a warehouse-style building in a semi- industrial area on the banks of Suzhou creek: their riverside view is of hovels on the opposite bank.

Chinesepod是一家简朴的公司：尽管总部设在中国的财富及时尚之都上海，但其50名职工的办公地点是在苏州河岸半工业区的一栋仓库式建筑内：他们能看到的河岸风景就是对岸简陋的小屋。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。