沥青

In this paper, the progresses acquired in the studies of natural analogy are summarized, including a comparison of structural properties, radiation damage and chemical composition between uraninite and UO2, combination and paragenesis of alteration products of uraninite, chemical composition of uraninite and its secondary phases, mobility of analogy elements in the process of uraninite alteration. In addition, the problems in next studies are pointed out, e. g., characterization of micro-structure of secondary uranium minerals, high-resolution analyses of trance elements distributed in original and secondary uranium minerals using laser microprobe analyzer, composition of underground water, simulation experiments.

系统地总结了天然类比研究的现状，包括沥青铀矿与UO2的可比性、沥青铀矿风化产物的共生组合和共生次序、沥青铀矿及其风化产物的化学成分特征、沥青铀矿风化过程中类比元素的迁移性等；并初步指出了进一步研究的方向，如铀酰矿物的微结构研究、类比元素在沥青铀矿和铀酰矿物中分布的激光探针研究、地下水成分分析、模拟实验等。

The process includes making samples using Superpave Gyratory Compactor, selecting gradation by the criterion of stone-on-stone contact and certain air voids in the mix and determining the optimal asphalt content limited by draindown test and expected air voids as the main controllability condition. It is suitable to increase the asphalt content of the mix in the range of expected air voids, which can ensure the compatibility of function and durability of porous asphalt.

该方法采用旋转压实仪成型试件，通过计算法确定初试沥青用量，以石-石接触和一定条件下的空隙率作为设计级配选取的根本依据，在最佳沥青用量的确定中，以沥青析漏损失和空隙率作为主要的控制指标，在设计空隙率的基础上，通过使用纤维增大沥青用量，以保证沥青混合料兼备功能性和耐久性。

The invention provides an asphalt thickener that comprises metal oxide and benzene ring –containing peroxidate and is 0.05~2% to basic asphalt mass.

本发明提供一种沥青增稠剂及沥青组合物。本发明沥青增稠剂包括金属化合物和含苯环的过氧化物。本发明沥青组合物中增稠剂为基质沥青重量的0.05～2％。

Now there are many modifiers used in asphalt,but most modified asphalt specification systems are set up on the foundation of base asphalt,and the central issue is how to evaluate all of the modified asphalts properly. What's more,it will give rise to misunderstanding in the application and choice of modified asphalts and it is unfair to some of them.

目前使用的改性沥青品种非常多，但现在的评价规范体系都建立在基质沥青的基础上，如何评价改性沥青，一直是人们争论的焦点，这在使用和选择改性沥青时往往会引起许多误导，对某些改性沥青的应用显得十分不公平。

New paving road technologies such as asphalt mastic stone pavements,porous pavements,color pavements are gradually applying in China.

传统的沥青路面主要包括沥青表面处治、沥青贯入式、沥青碎石、密级配沥青砼等路面。

In terms of paving materials and erecting methods, the steel deck pavement systems adopted in the world can be generalized into four types:The first one is the Gussasphalt. Then is the Mastic Asphalt. Another one is the Stone Mastic Asphalt. And the last one is the Epoxy Asphalt.SMA has been widely applied in western countries such as European countries, Japan and America for its strong anti-track capability and well durability. It is still under experimental stage yet in China.

从铺装材料和施工方法来分类，目前世界上所采用的钢桥面铺装体系，概括起来大致有四类：第一类为高温拌和浇注式沥青混凝土，第二类为沥青玛蹄脂混合料(实际上也是浇注式沥青混凝土，只是拌和、摊铺工艺有所不同)，第三类为沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料(Stone Mastic Asphalt，简称SMA)，第四类为环氧树脂沥青混合料。

China's "Highway Engineering Technical Standards" will be divided into high-level road according to technical quality, sub-senior, middle and low-level four kinds, all kinds of road surface types are as follows: Senior Pavement - asphalt concrete pavement, cement concrete pavement, plant mix asphalt crushed stone pavement, stone pavement of rocks or neat; second high-level road surface - asphalt penetration-style pieces, gravel road, asphalt road debris, gravel road, asphalt road surface, Treatment, semi-neat stone pavement; middle road - broken, gravel (size distribution, or clay-bound) road surface, irregular stone pavement, other granular surface; low road - aggregates stabilized soil surface, and other local materials, reinforcement or improvement of soil surface.

中国《公路工程技术标准》将路面按技术品质分为高级、次高级、中级和低级四种，各种路面的面层类型如下：高级路面——沥青混凝土路面，水泥混凝土路面，厂拌沥青碎石路面，整齐石块或条石路面；次高级路面——沥青贯入式碎、砾石路面，路拌沥青碎、砾石路面，沥青表面处治路面，半整齐石块路面；中级路面——碎、砾石路面，不整齐石块路面，其他粒料路面；低级路面——粒料加固土路面，其他当地材料加固或改善土路面。

The paper relying on project practice of the express highway from Taiyuan to Changzhi of Shanxi Province, according to demanding of "Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Asphait Pavements ", combining with own region climate characteristic and concrete design, and construction request, it has carried out SBS modified studying on shell-90# asphalt, so drawing a conclusion: 1. Having studied the quantity of SBS modifier"s effect on the temperature sensibility, the high temperature stability, the low temperature resistance to cracking , elasticity and the durability of asphalt ,meanwhile, having studied the quantity of SBS modifier"s effect on the water stability, the high temperature stability , the low temperature resistance to cracking of asphalt mixture, having compared SBS modified bitumens various function. As a result ,when the amount of SBS added is 5%, every function is comparatively even.

本论文依托山西省太—长高速公路建设的工程实践，按照《沥青路面施工技术规范》的要求，结合本地区的气候特点和具体设计、施工要求，对壳牌90#沥青进行了SBS改性研究，得到如下结论：(1)研究了SBS改性剂用量对沥青的温度敏感性、高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、弹性及耐久性的影响，同时研究了改性剂用量对沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和水稳定性的影响，比较了SBS改性沥青的各项性能，结果表明当SBS掺加量为5%时，各性能较为均衡。

In order to find out the main influence factor to the water stability of granite asphalt mixture and make large-scale use of granite aggregate in asphalt pavement possible. dynamic shear rheometer was used to study the rheological properties of asphalt mastics with different granite powders and different filler-asphalt ratios to analyse the interaction ability between different granites and asphalt.

为了找出影响花岗岩沥青混合料水稳定性的主要因素，使花岗岩大规模应用于沥青路面成为可能，从花岗岩沥青胶浆着手，采用动态剪切流变仪，对不同花岗岩石粉、不同粉胶比条件下的沥青胶装进行流变性能的研究，以此分析不同花岗岩与沥青交互作用能力。

Finally, according to the characteristics of the cast asphalt concrete, modified asphalt SMA, epoxy asphalt concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete, different pavement forms are made up and analyzed. Pavement form which consists of the cast asphalt concrete at bonding layer and epoxy asphalt at wearing course performs well. Then the rational height of the layers is analyzed and it is compared with the pavement form which use steel fiber reinforced concrete at bonding layer.

最后，根据浇注式沥青混凝土、改性沥青SMA、环氧沥青混凝土以及钢纤维混凝土的特性进行铺装结构形式组合，分析不同铺装结构形式的受力性能，得到下层浇注式沥青混凝土上层环氧沥青混凝土的铺装结构形式是一种良好的铺装方案，同时着重分析其上下层厚度的合理取值，并将其与钢纤维混凝土下面层的铺装结构形式进行比较。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。