沥青

To accelerate the widespread of Synchronous Chip Seal and improve the operation quality of Synchronous Chipsealer, key techniques which influence the operation quality is studied detailedly, including the control of distributing quality, the dynamics characteristics of hydraulic system and the spray characteristics of asphalt nozzle of Synchronous Chipsealer.1 The factors which influence Synchronous Chip Seal quality are studied. Fiducial probability of simultaneous distribution density is advised to be used in evaluating the distribution bias and standard deviation of asphalt and aggregates simultaneously, which is more advanced than the single index evaluation method used before.2 The volume efficiency formula of asphalt pump is revised after analyzing the data of volume efficiency with mathematical statistics, which is helpful to match the asphalt spray system and control the flow out of asphalt pump accurately. With equation deduction and experiment, dynamic of hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is studied, which lay the theory foundation on improving the stability and efficiency from design and controlling.4 Simulation on hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is done with AMESim; the results indicate that multi-circle parallel connected hydraulic system with constant pressure power is better than that with load-sensing pressure power at present, because the latter will oscillate when the multi circles work at the same time. This conclusion has been proved during the debug of Synchronous Chipsealer.5 Asphalt nozzle characteristics, such as flat jet shape, flow distribution, are studied with experiment, the results indicate that cross quality of asphalt distributing is not increased linearly follow the increase of fan overlap level, the best point usually exists between two whole overlap level, asphalt distributing quality is better than±4% at the 2.5 overlap level, meets the superior specified in standard; The distribution quality of Synchronous Chipsealer can be increased by spray asphalt of different flow rang with nozzle of different diameter

为了加快同步碎石封层技术的推广，提高同步碎石封层设备的作业质量，本文对同步碎石封层设备作业质量的影响因素与控制方法、液压系统的动力学特性和沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性等关键技术进行了深入细致的研究：1研究了影响同步碎石封层作业质量的因素，提出了采用联合密度分布置信概率对同步碎石封层中沥青洒布量和碎石撒布量的系统偏差和标准差指标进行综合评价的方法，克服了传统评价方法只能对单一指标进行评价的缺陷；2采用数理统计的方法，研究了沥青泵的容积效率特性，修正了沥青泵容积效率公式，为沥青喷洒系统的匹配和沥青泵出口流量的精确控制提供了依据；采用数理方程推导与试验相结合的方法，研究了同步碎石封层设备液压系统的动力学特性，为从设计和控制的角度提高同步碎石封层设备液压系统的稳定性和效率奠定了理论基础；3运用AMESim软件对采用负载敏感控制和恒压控制的两种同步碎石封层设备液压系统进行仿真，结果表明：负载敏感控制的并联液压系统在多回路同时工作时，由于液压泵排量控制参考压力不稳定，容易引发液压系统振荡，恒压控制的并联液压系统是目前技术条件下比较理想的同步碎石封层设备工作装置驱动方案；该结论亦通过同步碎石封层设备装机试验得到了验证。4采用试验的方法对沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性进行了研究，结果表明：沥青洒布的横向精度并不是随着喷洒扇面重叠度的增加线性增加，其最高点通常出现在二个重叠度之间的"半重叠位置"，"2.5重叠"洒布时，沥青的横向洒布精度≤±4%，可以达到国家相关标准中的优级标准；同步碎石封层设备还可以根据不同洒布量情况下的流量需求，采用不同通径的喷嘴进行喷洒，提高沥青洒布精度。

For the benefit of practical project, 0℃ apparent viscosity, which was employed to appraising low-temperature flowability of asphalt, and viscosity-temperature index, which was employed to appraising temperature susceptibility of asphalt, were put forward. By comparing with practical conditions of various asphalt which is produced in various place and is made through various craft, by comparing with SHRP and other evaluated method of asphalt and by comparing with the property of asphalt mixture, the exactness and susceptiveness of 0℃ apparent viscosity and viscosity-temperature index was verified.

为了工程实际的应用，提出了采用0℃表观粘度评价沥青低温流动性和粘温指数评价沥青的感温性的指标，并通过与多种不同产源、不同炼制工艺的沥青实际使用情况相比较、与美国SHRP计划和我国"八五"攻关推荐的沥青低温评价方法、沥青其他低温评价方法以及沥青混合料的低温性能相比较，证明了0℃表观粘度和粘温指数在评价沥青低温性能时的准确性和敏感性。

The paper through the mechanism which produces to the asphalt road surface water harm carries on the induction to summarize, as well as the different type bituminous mixture water stability has carried on a series of contrasts experiment to several kind of different aggregates and the asphalt adherency, has analyzed the aggregate and the asphalt adherency and the bituminous mixture water stability; Meanwhile moves the water action mechanism take the pavement structure in as the key point, in the basis room experiments to the design half rigid base bituminous mixture test sample carries on washes out the experiment, the observation test sample and washes out when the number of times increase along with the time variation the basic unit wash load situation, has analyzed the water to the bituminous pavement various structures level damage rule; To immerses under the condition using the ANASYS finite element software the bituminous pavement structure level the stress to carry on the analysis computation, and analyzed the bituminous pavement according to the computed result to produce the unboiled water harm the rule, further to understand the structure level produced the unboiled water harm the rule.

本论文通过对沥青路面水损害产生的机理进行归纳总结，对几种不同集料和沥青的粘附性以及采用不同抗剥落措施的沥青混合料的水稳性进行了一系列对比试验，分析了集料与沥青的粘附性及沥青混合料的水稳定性，并对水稳性试验进行了评价；同时以路面结构中的动水作用机理为重点，依据室内试验对设计的半刚性基层沥青混合料组合试件进行冲刷试验，观察试件随时间变化和冲刷次数增加时基层的冲刷量情况，分析了水对沥青路面结构层的损坏规律；利用ANSYS有限元软件对浸水前后沥青路面层底应力进行分析计算，并根据计算结果分析了沥青路面产生水损害的规律，进一步了解结构层产生水损害的规律。

The characteristics of the AP include (1) in addition to the formation of hydrogel in aqueous alkaline or polar organic solution, AP can form carbonaceous hydrogel in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions, which extents the application of carbonaceous sol-gel;(2) AP contains a large amount of nitric groups which decomposes quickly by thermal initiation, releasing a large amount of gases and heat, indicating explosive properties of the AP;(3) metal salt-containing AP is also explosible by thermal initiation, and the metal in AP promotes the explosion.

以沥青为碳源，用氧化法制备水性沥青过程中，浓硫酸和浓硝酸的比例、用量、氧化温度及氧化时间对水性沥青的收率皆有影响。经过氧化后，沥青上含有许多含氧官能团，导致水性沥青溶于水。含氧官能团越多，水性沥青越易溶于水。调节制备条件，可使水性沥青不仅可以在碱性水溶液中形成凝胶，而且可以在中性和酸性水溶液中形成溶胶、凝胶，从而拓宽了炭基溶胶—凝胶法制备炭基纳米材料的应用范围。

Three types of base asphalt and six SBS were used to produce SBS modified asphalt. The interaction of SBS modified asphalt was discussed in different states between the base asphalt and SBS based on their compositions. Through the traditional tests, such as penetration, soften point and ductility, and US SHRP tests, the results indicated that influences to affect the temperature susceptibility, high and low temperature performance, aging characteristics are base asphalt, SBS types and their dosages. The functions of penetration to viscosity and complex shear modulus G~* to complex dynamic shear viscosity η~* were set up, and then theviscosity-temperature susceptibility of wide temperature span and the calculation method of low temperature viscosity were obtained."Process" evaluation criterions, high grading critical temperature T_ and low grading criticaltemperature T_ , were suggested according to the high and low temperatureperformances of SBS modified asphalt. Using the experience of Repeated Creep and Recovery Test for Binders, a new high-temperature evaluation index,modification rutting factor G~*~(-9) was obtained. The results after RTFO and PAV aging indicated that traditional tests didnt differentiate base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt, but dynamic mechanics temperature spectrum and G*-5 black chart clearly reflected the influence of aging to the SBS modified asphalt. With the IR and GPC tests, the reason of aging to the SBS modified asphalt were due to asphalt phase oxygenated and SBS phase depredated.

论文选择3种油源的基质沥青和6种SBS改性剂制备改性沥青，通过分析基质沥青和SBS改性剂的组成结构特点，得出了不同状态下SBS改性沥青的SBS与基质沥青的相互作用机理；通过针入度、软化点、延度等常规试验以及美国SHRP试验，分析了基质沥青、SBS改性剂类型与剂量对SBS改性沥青的温度敏感性、高低温特性及老化特性的影响；建立了针入度-粘度、复数模量G~*-复数粘度η~*的换算关系，得出了宽温度域的粘温指数VTS和较低温度下粘度的计算方法；通过高低温性能分析提出了&过程&评价参数高温等级温度T_和低温等级温度T_；借鉴重复恢复与蠕变试验研究成果，得到了SBS改性沥青高温评价指标改进型抗车辙因子G~*~(-9)；RTFO和PAV老化后的性能试验结果表明，常规试验难以区分SBS改性沥青与基质沥青的差异，而动态力学温度谱、G~*-δ黑斑图可以反映老化作用对SBS改性沥青的影响，且通过IR试验和GPC试验得出SBS改性沥青老化是沥青相的氧化和SBS的降解共同引起的；通过不同温度下SBS改性沥青混合料的旋转压实SGC试验，根据粘度与剪变率的关系，提出用剪变率60(1／s)测试SBS改性沥青的粘温曲线，并按照0.17±0.02Pa.s和0.28±0.03Pa.s确定施工温度。

SMA-100-type road with lignin fibers are widely used in asphalt concrete pavement, including Asphalt gravel mixture (stone Mastic Asphalt, referred to as SMA) road, Upgraded with asphalt pavement, high-strength link layer of asphalt, asphalt concrete surface layer of mastic asphalt concrete and special projects such as asphalt mixture.

广泛用于沥青混凝土路面，包括：沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料（stone Mastic Asphalt，简称SMA）路面、升级配沥青路面、高强度沥青连接层、沥青混凝土面层、浇注式沥青混凝土及特殊工程的沥青混合料等。

In the dissertation, a new stabilization method, equal-density method was adopted to prepare modified asphalts with storage stability at high temperature. In this method, a compound was prepared by premixing polymer and filler, and the compound was mixed with asphalt to prepare Polymer-Modified Asphalt by changing the ratio of polymer and filler. The asphalts with good storage stability were formed with the addition of filler, by regulating the density difference between polymer and asphalt. With identifying the effect of composition factor and the technique conditions on mechanical properties of polymer/filler compound and the molecular distribution of the polymer, identifying the effect of composition factor and the technique conditions on the properties and structure of polymer/filler modified asphalt, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene copolymer, Low Density PolyEthylene, Styrene-Ethylene-Butadiene-Styrene block copolymer modified asphalts with good storage stability and performance were prepared. Rheological method, gel content analysis and swelling measurement were adopted to elucidate the interaction between the polymer and filler. Filler reduced the difference between the polymer and asphalt with the premixing technique, which led to the improvement of the storage stability of the modified asphalts. The thermo-oxidative aging process of base asphalt and PMA were studied and the effect of antioxidant additives on the base asphalt and PMA were analyzed.

本论文采用等密度方法，即预先混合聚合物与填料制备复合物，复合物在沥青中会吸收油份而溶胀，改变填料的用量从而调节聚合物与沥青的密度差异的方法，制备出高温贮存稳定的改性沥青，并研究了工艺条件和配方因素对聚合物/填料复合物力学和聚合物分子量分布的影响，系统考察了工艺条件和配方因素对聚合物/填料改性沥青性能与形态结构的影响，研制出性能优良、高温贮存稳定的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物、氢化SBS、低密度聚乙烯改性沥青，并通过流变学分析方法及凝胶和溶胀测试探讨了聚合物与填料的相互作用，指出经过预混工艺填料改变了聚合物与沥青的密度差异，以此说明聚合物/填料改性沥青高温贮存稳定的原因；研究了基质沥青和聚合物改性沥青热氧老化过程，并分析了抗氧剂对基质沥青及聚合物改性沥青的影响，探讨了抗氧剂提高沥青耐老化性能的原因。

The coal tar pitch powder was used with each of 22 kinds of dispersants prepared coal tar pitch water slurry,and 6 kinds of dispersants were selected to prepare coal tar pitch water slurry with the high temperature coal tar pitch powder which has a softening point of 105℃.

采用冷冻粉碎的方法将软化点为90℃的中温煤沥青制得粒度≤200目的煤沥青粉后，再与22种分散剂制备煤沥青水浆，从中筛选出6种成浆性好的分散剂再与软化点为105℃的高温煤沥青粉制备煤沥青水浆，结果表明中温煤沥青粉比高温煤沥青粉更易制得稳定性好的煤沥青水浆。

SINOPEC luoyang company has developed the combined process of solvent deasphalting and slurry topping, adopting DOA, the by-product from the unit of solvent deasphalting, and the heavy composition of the products from the unit of reducing press distilling catalytic cracked slurry vacuum distillation, to produce heavy-duty road asphalt with high value-added and high performance by blending.

溶剂脱沥青工艺是一种重要的渣油深加工手段，脱油沥青的合理利用成为溶剂脱沥青工艺发展的关键，洛阳分公司开发出&溶剂脱沥青－油浆拔头&组合工艺，利用溶剂脱沥青装置中的副产品脱油硬沥青和催化裂化油浆减压蒸馏装置的产品中的重组分，运用调合法生产重交道路沥青，可获得高附加值和高性能的沥青产品。

SINOPEC luoyang company has developed the combined process of solvent deasphalting and slurry topping ,adopting DOA,the by-product from the unit of solvent deasphalting,and the heavy composition of the products from the unit of reducing press distilling catalytic cracked slurry vacuum distillation,to produce heavy-duty road asphalt wi.

溶剂脱沥青工艺是一种重要的渣油深加工手段，脱油沥青的合理利用成为溶剂脱沥青工艺发展的关键，洛阳分公司开发出&溶剂脱沥青-油浆拔头&组合工艺，利用溶剂脱沥青装置中的副产品脱油硬沥青和催化裂化油浆减压蒸馏装置的产品中的重组分，运用调合法生产重交道路沥青，可获得高附加值和高性能的沥青产品。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。