没有道德的

In 1976, it is the first time for the conception to be put forward by Bernard Williams. Though he didn"t define this conception, his discussion showed the possibility of Moral Luck. And he emphasized particularly on the agent"s recept to apprehend the Moral Luck. Later, Thomas Nagel based on the life to classify the Moral Luck and expatiated. He wanted to integrate Moral Luck with the moral theory of Kant. As a result, it is disappointed. Whereafter, basing on the former philosopher, Anthony Kenny thought that it is impossible for him to abate the strain between Kantianism and Moral Luck. Whereas, Kenny had no intention to followed them.

伯纳德·威廉姆斯于1976年第一次提出"道德运气"的概念，虽然没有对概念本身予以界定，但他的论述肯定了概念的可能性，并侧重从行为者主观的角度来理解道德运气；随后，托马斯·内格尔立足现实生活，对道德运气进行分类论述，并试图将康德的道德理论与道德运气结合，当然结果是令人失望的；继威廉姆斯与内格尔之后，安东尼·肯尼在两位哲学家论述的基础之上，认为他自己也无力缓和康德哲学与道德运气的张力，但无意追随威廉姆斯和内格尔的步调，而是从亚里士多德哲学和中世纪基督教神学中探讨道德运气。

But in new period of social and economic transition, some university students have not established the consciousness of the healthy moral personality. Even some of them are indifferent to it, have a bad self-disciplining, worship the values of mammonism and individualism, have collective spirit and cooperative sense weaken and something like that. All of these kinds of defects in moral personality really trouble people.

但在社会转型、经济转轨的新时期，一些大学生远没有树立健康的道德人格意识，甚至有些大学生道德情感淡漠，道德自律性差，崇尚拜金主义和个人主义的价值观，集体观念和协作意识弱化，种种道德人格缺陷着实令人担忧。

Accordingly, moral pronouncements are not true or false, for they are merely the venting , in speech, of our nonrational moral desires

于是，道德表态没有真假可言，只是用话语形式发泄我们非理性的道德欲求而已。

Four factors together caused this:(1) the insistence of the anti Gnostic fathers, particularly Tertullian, that the faithful are those who believe "the faith" as stated in the "rule of faith", ie, the Creed;(2) the intellectualism of Clement and Origen, to whom pistis was just an inferior substitute for, and stepping stone to, gnosis of spiritual things;(3) the assimilation of biblical morality to Stoic moralism, an ethic not of grateful dependence but of resolute selfreliance;(4) the clothing of the biblical doctrine of communion with God in Neoplatonic dress, which made it appear as a mystical ascent to the supersensible achieved by aspiring love, having no link with the ordinary exercise of faith at all.

有4个因素共同造成了这一：（ 1 ）坚持战斗在反腐败的诺斯替父亲，尤其是戴尔都良，即忠诚，是那些相信"诚信为本"的声明，在"法治诚信"，即，信仰；（ 2 ）知识分子的克莱门特和渊源，向谁信实的只是一个劣质的替代品，并踏脚石，预后的精神的东西，（ 3 ）同化的圣经道德斯多葛道德主义，伦理不是感激的依赖，但坚决自立；服装的圣经教义与上帝在neoplatonic著装，这使得它似乎是一个神秘上升到supersensible实现抱负的爱，没有结合一般意义上的演练的信念都没有。

It is said that the importance of excusing conditions in criminal responsibility is derivative, and it derives from the more fundamental requirement that for criminal responsibility there must be 'moral culpability', which would not exist where the excusing conditions are present On this view the maxim actus non est reus nisimens sit rea refers to a morally evil mind Certainly traces of this view are to be found in scattered observations of English and American judges—in phrases such as 'an evil mind with regard to that which he is doing ',' a bad mind ', or references to acts done not ' merely unguardedly or accidentally , without any evil mind.

有人说，刑事责任中的免责条件的意义是派生性的，而且，其派生于这样一项更基本的要求，即对于刑事责任来说，必须存在"道德上的可责性"，而这在出现了免责条件的场合，是不存在的。按照这一观点，"无犯意即无犯罪"的法谚便关涉到一种在道德上邪恶的心理。在英、美法官的分散的评论中——在诸如"与其正在做的事相关的一种邪恶的心理"、"一种不良心理"之类的措辞中，或在对"不只是没有提防地或意外地，没有任何恶意"地实施的行为的提及中——肯定会发现这一观点的迹象。

Four factors together caused this:(1) the insistence of the anti Gnostic fathers, particularly Tertullian, that the faithful are those who believe "the faith" as stated in the "rule of faith", ie, the Creed;(2) the intellectualism of Clement and Origen, to whom pistis was just an inferior substitute for, and stepping stone to, gnosis of spiritual things;(3) the assimilation of biblical morality to Stoic moralism, an ethic not of grateful dependence but of resolute selfreliance;(4) the clothing of the biblical doctrine of communion with God in Neoplatonic dress, which made it appear as a mystical ascent to the supersensible achieved by aspiring love, having no link with the ordinary exercise of faith at all.

有4个因素共同造成了这一：（ 1 ）坚持战斗在反腐败的诺斯替父亲，尤其是戴尔都良，即忠诚，是那些相信&诚信为本&的声明，在&法治诚信&，即，信仰；（ 2 ）知识分子的克莱门特和渊源，向谁信实的只是一个劣质的替代品，并踏脚石，预后的精神的东西，（ 3 ）同化的圣经道德斯多葛道德主义，伦理不是感激的依赖，但坚决自立；服装的圣经教义与上帝在neoplatonic著装，这使得它似乎是一个神秘上升到supersensible实现抱负的爱，没有结合一般意义上的演练的信念都没有。

Four factors together caused this:(1) the insistence of the anti Gnostic fathers, particularly Tertullian, that the faithful are those who believe "the faith" as stated in the "rule of faith", ie, the Creed;(2) the intellectualism of Clement and Origen, to whom pistis was just an inferior substitute for, and stepping stone to, gnosis of spiritual things;(3) the assimilation of biblical morality to Stoic moralism, an ethic not of grateful dependence but of resolute selfreliance;(4) the clothing of the biblical doctrine of communion with God in Neoplatonic dress, which made it appear as a mystical ascent to the supersensible achieved by aspiring love, having no link with the ordinary exercise of faith at all.

有4个因素共同造成了这一：（ 1 ）坚持战斗在反腐败的诺斯替父亲，尤其是戴尔都良，即忠诚，是那些相信&诚信为本&的声明，在&法治诚信&，即，信仰；（ 2 ）知识分子的克莱门特和渊源，向谁信实的只是一个劣质的替代品，并踏脚石，预后的精神的东西，（ 3 ）同化的圣经道德斯多葛道德主义，伦理不是感激的依赖，但坚决自立；服装的圣经教义与上帝在neoplatonic着装，这使得它似乎是一个神秘上升到supersensible实现抱负的爱，没有结合一般意义上的演练的信念都没有。

The weakness of the Byzantine Empire, the unfortunate rivalry between the Greek and Latin Churches, the schisms of Nestorius and Eutyches, the failing power of the Sassanian dynasty of Persia, the lax moral code of the new religion, the power of the sword and of fanaticism, the hope of plunder and the love of conquest - all these factors combined with the genius of the caliphs, the successors of Mohammed, to effect the conquest, in considerably less than a century, of Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, Egypt, North Africa, and the South of Spain.

的弱点拜占庭帝国，不幸之间的对抗希腊和拉丁基督教协进会，分裂的聂斯脱里和Eutyches的没有权力的波斯萨珊王朝波斯，管理松懈的道德准则的新的宗教，权力的剑和狂热，希望掠夺和征服的爱-所有这些因素结合的天才的c aliphs，接班人的穆罕默德，以征服的影响，在大大少於一个世纪以来，巴勒斯坦，叙利亚，美索不达米亚，埃及，北非洲和西班牙南部。

Moreover, the goal disjoints the students living world and makes emerge a gap between target and reality; at the same time the content of moral education is over-conservative and can not breakthrough the perspective of traditional moral education.

另外，道德教育的目标与受教育者的生活世界相脱离，从而使目标与现实之间存在一条难以沟通的屏障；道德教育内容过于保守，囫于传统道德规范的框架，没有突破先在的传统德育视野，缺少时代感。

People in Natural bourn and utilitarian bourn have not moral value for not understanding human's essential nature. Moral bourn and transcend bourn correspondingly saint and solon are perfect bourns, which erects topmost moral aim.

自然境界和功利境界中的人由于对人之正性根本没有觉解，所以不具备道德价值，而道德境界和天地境界以及与之相应的圣贤人格才是冯友兰心目中的道德理想，从而为道德修养树立了最高的价值目标。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。