沙皇

One of the few points of agreement for most of the 20th century was that tsars were a Bad Thing, a particularly nasty example of natural selection that started with some brutal caesars, took in some belligerent kaisers and found its most excruciating expression in the Russian variants.

对20世纪的人们来说，为数不多的共识之一就是，&沙皇&是个&坏东西&，一个尤为人恶的物竞天择的实例。该词起源于一些残忍的专制君主，包括了一些好战的独裁皇帝，并在俄罗斯版本中衍生出最极端的表达形式。

"Muscovy", as its rulers have previously called it, is a sleeping giant, with age-old traditions and ways of doing things.

&沙皇俄国&，一如她的***者早先称呼的那样，是一位沉睡的巨人，有着古老的传统和独特的行为方式。

"Muscovy", as its rulers h***e previously called it, is a sleeping giant, with age-old traditions and ways of doing things.

&沙皇俄国&，一如她的***者早先称呼的那样，是一位沉睡的巨人，有着古老的传统和独特的行为方式。

"Muscovy", as its rulers have previously called it, is a sleeping giant, with age-old traditions and ways of doing things. Here, the feudal way of life has become so entrenched that the serfs are as tied to the land as cattle, and with almost as few rights.

&沙皇俄国&，一如她的统治者早先称呼的那样，是一位沉睡的巨人，有着古老的传统和独特的行为方式。

American officials, including a former drug tsar, have publicly worried about having a "narco state" as their neighbour.

美国的官员们，包括一个前毒品沙皇，都已经公开担心会像他们的邻居那样成为&缉毒警察的国度&。

American officials, including a former drug tsar, have publicly worried about having a "narco state" as their neighbour.

美国官员，包括前毒品沙皇，公开地声称为有一个&满是缉毒警察&的邻居国家而担忧。

And then, of course, there are the pan-Slavic, Christian Orthodox ambitions of the Russian Tsar to consider

然后，当然，还有泛斯拉夫，东正教野心俄罗斯沙皇考虑。。。

Russia today is a mix of neo-czarist authoritarianism domestically and pan-Slavic belligerence internationally.

如今的俄罗斯是对内新沙皇主义独裁主义和对外泛斯拉夫（pan-Slavism）好战性的混合体。

Chapter 1 inspects the evolution history—from defensive nationalism to Pan-Slavism, and then Great Russian Nationalism—of Russian Nationalism. It also analyses the roles that geopolitical factors, religious, Thought and culture, social foundation, and national character played in the formation of Great Russian Nationalism.Chapter 2 discusses the dominant concepts, basic features and basic attributes of Great Russian Nationalism.

其中认为，沙皇专制论、救世论、俄罗斯民族&优秀&论和遗产继承论等理念构成了大俄罗斯主义的基本内容；从外在的表现形式来看，大俄罗斯主义又具有四个特征，即领土扩张化、政治上的高压化、经济上的掠夺化和文化上的俄罗斯化；大俄罗斯主义兼具防御性和扩张性两种属性，但其防御性是有限的，而扩张性是无限的。

Even in Russia under the Tzars, it was possible for some citizens, under some circumstances, to change their jobs without getting permission from political authority because capitalism and the existence of private property provided some check to the centralized power of the state.

即便是沙皇统治下的俄罗斯，某些公民在某种情况下也能够在未经过政治权力的批准而更换工作。因为资本主义和私有产权的存在对中央极权的国家提出了一定的约束。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。