沙漏

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Some people maintained that he was a mysterious person, and that no one ever entered his chamber, which was a regular anchorite's cell, furnished with winged hour-glasses and enlivened by cross-bones and skulls of dead men!

有些人还认为他是一个神秘的人，他们硬说别人从来没有进过他的房间，因为他那房间是一间真正的隐修士的密室，里面放着一个有翅膀的沙漏，还装饰着两根交叉放着的死人的股骨和几个骷髅头。

Disk within androecium, nectariferous, flattened, annular, cup-shaped, pulvinate, or sometimes columnar, bell-shaped, conic, or hourglass-shaped.

花盘 在雄蕊群内，分泌蜜汁，扁平，环状，杯形，枕状，或者有时柱形，铃形，圆锥形，或者沙漏形。

There are no skin care products that have antiaging qualities that will reverse the sands of time.

有没有护肤品，有抗衰老的素质，扭转时间的沙漏。

2If not for you, I must be shivering in the despair and fear, groaning painfully But for you, every day I will dream the most beautiful apart Becoz u use your whole life to love me, and I feel free My life seems to leave me like the sand flowing I can hear that, but I can still smile only as long as I see you sleeping by my side

如果不是你，我现在肯定只能在绝望和恐惧中颤抖，发出痛苦的呻吟。但是因为有了你，我，每天都可以梦想最美丽的离别。因为你拿整个生命来爱我，所以我的心获得了自由。我的生命正在慢慢地离开我，好象沙子从沙漏中流走一样，我听到了那流逝的声音，但只要你还熟睡在我身旁，我就依然笑得出来。

Later the sand ran out of the hourglass by the binnacle and he turned it and rang the ship's bell.

过了一会儿，他看到罗盘操作台旁边的沙漏计时器已经漏光了砂子。

The jet of red light flew right over the Death Eater.s shoulder and hit a glass‐ fronted cabinet on the wall full of variously shaped hour‐glasses; the cabinet fell to the floor and burst apart, glass flying everywhere, sprang back up on to the wall, fully mended, then fell down again, and shattered

那道红光擦着食死徒的肩膀飞过，打中了墙上挂着的一个装满各种沙漏的玻璃柜，柜子掉到地上摔得粉碎，玻璃四下纷飞，然后它再次恢复原状回到墙上，接着又落下来碎成一片一片

After a series of study of numerical method related to impact dynamics, such as the transient finite element discretization method of conservation equations, numerical quadrature and hourglass control, the identification and redefinition of sliding interface and so on, the dissertation is aimed at to study a high efficient.

在分析八节点六面体单元出现沙漏变形的物理原因的基础上，通过引入抗沙漏节点力消除了因单点积分引起的各种沙漏模态。

Product series: Glass instrument, glass handicraft, glass tube, glass bar; Glass test tube series: flask, measuring flask, graduate, and standard instrument; Glass handicrafts series: candle stand, oil lam, lamp cover, lamp tube, vase, lover temperature meter, Christmas ball, bell, angel, pipe, dipping snuff bottle, Arabic dipping snuff bag, sandglass, timer sandglass, glass thermo teapot, tea cup, tea plate; High boron-silicon glass tube series: outer diameter 3—300mm, wall thick 0.6—1mm Glass bar outer diameter series: 3—40mm, colored bar: 3—20mm All business are welcome!

产品系列有：玻璃仪器，玻璃工艺品，玻璃管，玻棒；玻璃试管系列有：烧瓶，容量瓶，量筒，标准磨口仪器；玻璃工艺品系列有：烛台，油灯，灯罩，灯管，花瓶，爱情温度计，圣诞球，铃铛，天使，烟斗，水烟壶，阿拉伯水烟袋，沙漏，计时沙漏，玻璃耐热茶壶，茶杯，茶海；高硼硅玻璃管系列有：外径3—300mm，壁厚0.6—1mm，玻璃棒外径系列有：3—40mm，彩色棒3—20mm 欢迎国内外客户来电洽谈！

On each window, if the application is busy, then the hour glass should be displayed.

在每个窗体中，如果应用程序繁忙，就显示时间沙漏光标，如果没有沙漏，应有某种显示进度的方式。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。