沙岩

The high porosity zone occurrence of the Tertiary reservoir composed of clastic rocks in the Yuanyanggou region is controlled by diageneses and sedimentary facies, lying in the early diagenetic stage A ~ the late diagenetic stage A1 and the area of the sandstones developing in debouch bar, braided-divided flow channel, raised bank and channel bar is namely high porosity zone development of the lower Shasan Member (Es33) and the upper-middle Shasan Member (Es31-2); furthermore, lying in the late diagenetic stage A2 and the area of the sandstones developing in debouch bar, braided-divided flow channel, raised bank and channel bar is namely high porosity zone comparative development of the lower Shasan Member (Es3) and the upper-middle Shasan Member (Es31-2), the physical property of the reservoir is relatively worse.

鸳鸯沟地区第三系碎屑岩储层高孔带分布受成岩作用和沉积相的控制，处于早成岩阶段A期～晚成岩阶段A_1期，且有河口坝、辫状分流河道、天然堤和心滩沉积微相砂体发育的区域即为该区沙三下亚段和沙三中上亚段储层高孔带的发育区；而处于晚成岩阶段A_2期，且沉积相也为河口坝、辫状分流河道、天然堤和心滩沉积微相砂体发育的区域即为鸳鸯沟地区沙三下亚段和沙三中上亚段储层高孔带的较发育区，储层物性相对较差。

Based on analyses of sedimentary characteristics, it is considered that fan delta is a typical set of retrograding ingression lacustrine sequence.

东营凹陷北部永921 地区沙三段和沙四段广泛发育扇三角洲沉积，从中可以识别出砾岩相、砂岩相、粉砂岩泥岩相和泥岩相等4种岩相类型。

The organic geochemistry characteristics of source rocks and oil sands in Well Hu 41,Well Hu 83 in Huzhuangji area are studied,by which a preliminary judgement is made that the type of kerogen of Es_3 source rock is a mixed type with high maturity,and its depositional environment is saltness reduction one.

通过对胡状集地区胡41井、胡83井等烃源岩和油砂进行有机地球化学特征研究，可以初步判定胡状集地区沙三段烃源岩干酪根类型为混合型，成熟度较高，沉积环境为咸化的还原环境；沙三段原油属于成熟原油，沙二段原油属于低熟原油；沙三段原油为自生自储原油，沙二段原油与沙三段原油不同源。

Several points can be concluded for the area from this paper study:(1) Hydrocarbon mainly occurs in the lower interval of bioclastic limestone and dolomitic limestone(the special lithologic interval ) in Es_1 Member,in which solution pores well developed;(2) Traps are mainly anticlines controlled by f.

本文研究表明，大中旺地区油气主要分布在沙一段下部的生物碎屑灰岩和云质灰岩段，储层溶蚀孔隙发育；圈闭主要为受断层控制的断背斜构造；原油具有高密度、高粘度、中低凝固点、高初馏点、高含硫量和高胶质沥青质等特点，属于未成熟—低成熟油；油源为本地咸水环境下形成的沙一段暗色泥岩。

The mineralogical and geochemical research on grey-brown laminatedmud stone, oil shale of Shahejie Formation Member 1 of Gulan Subsag found that the content of sapropel was all over 97% and the content of organic matter and chloroform bituments "A" was over 1% and 0.1% respectively in 35 samples. The organic matter belonged to type I and reached the standard of good source rocks.

对孤南洼陷沙一段灰褐色纹层泥岩和油页岩、深灰色油泥岩、深灰色泥岩、灰质泥岩样品进行岩矿及地球化学分析，35块样品的腐泥组含量全部大于97％，表明生烃母质主要为藻类，为Ⅰ型有机质，所有样品的有机碳含量都＞1，氯仿沥青&A&含量＞0.1，全部达到&好烃源岩&标准，是该地区的一套优质烃源岩。

During the preresearch on the testing well location selection in the south of western depression, three kinds of process and research work have been done according to the log datum on Well Moushen:(1)Formation analysis and formation pressure evaluation which verdicts that formation under 5198.5m is not of Trias, whereas is still in Permian, and abnormal formation pressure phenomenon exists in Members 1 and 3-4 of Shahejie Formation;(2)Re-interpretation of oil and gas formation and evaluation of reserve formation;(3)Evaluation of oil source rock. Members 1 and 3-4 source rocks of Shahejie Formation have good capability of oil generation.

在东濮凹陷西洼南部探井选位的前期研究中，根据该井的测井资料情况，做了三方面处理和研究工作：①地层分析和地层压力评价，认为5198.5m以下的地层不是三叠系而仍是下第三系，沙一段和沙三段—沙四段存在高压异常；②重新解释油气层和评价储集层，在沙三段—沙四段发现6层12.87m厚可疑油层；③评价油源岩，认为沙一段和沙三段—沙四段油源岩具有较好的生油能力。

Lithologies are mostly sand and carbonate rocks, caps are mud rock, shale and magmatite. Entrap types are anticline, fault block rebuilt by breaking and the screened entrap diapered rock mass. The composition is CO_2, N_2, CH_4, C_2H_6 and He etc. It is magma air source body and its geologic fashions are intrusion and buried volcanic conduit. The relations between gas reservoirs and gas source bodies have three types: magma intrusion-breaking-communicated gas reservoir, magma intrusion-contacted CO_2 reservoir and buried volcanic conduit-contacted gas reservoir. The CO_2 migration in magma intrusion is consisted of fusing and crystallizing phases;it in volcanic conduit is consisted of near-surface effusion and crystallizing phases.The buoyancy of CO_2 in water far more than migration resistance in breaking or chink, CO_2 is easy float upward, the floating can results in differentiation of different density gases and concentration of sealed gas. The gas in sand reservoir firstly migrate into the higher porosity and coefficient of permeability sand, and along with the pressure going up it migrate into the lower. In magma intrusion-breaking-reservoir migration, CO_2 firstly migrate into watered breaking, began gravity differentiation and concentrate, the gas pressure time and again go up, CO_2 migrate into reservoir and concentrate under expansibility as the pressure reach upward a given extend. The CO_2 in reservoir experience four breaking modes: chemistry deposition, dissolution, diffusion and mechanic breaking, the pressure balance can be broken by faulting and the CO_2 will further migrate and form new reservoir.

济阳坳陷已发现的八里泊、阳25、平方王、平南、高青、花17 CO_2气藏主要储集层位有奥陶系、中生界、沙四段、沙三段、沙一段、馆陶组和明化镇组，储集层岩性以砂岩和碳酸盐岩为主，盖层以泥质岩、页岩和岩浆岩为主。；圈闭类型主要为受断裂改造的背斜、断块及刺穿岩体遮挡圈闭。；气体成分主要有CO_2、N_2、CH_4、C_2H_6、He等。；主要气源体为岩浆气源体，气源体的主要地质形式为侵入体和埋藏的火山通道。；气藏和气源体的空间关系有岩浆侵入体一断裂一气藏沟通型、岩浆侵入体-CO_2气储集层接触型和埋藏火山通道-气储集层接触型三种类型。；岩浆侵入体CO_2气运移分为熔融运移阶段和结晶运移阶段，火山通道中CO_2气运移分成近地表喷发阶段和结晶运移阶段。；断裂中，CO_2在水中的浮力远大于运移阻力，CO_2气容易上浮，CO_2在断裂中的易浮性导致不同密度气体的分异和走向上封闭的断裂气体相对富集。；气体在砂岩储集层运移聚集具有选择性，会优先进入孔隙度和渗透率较高的砂岩，随着压力增加，才会进入孔隙度和渗透率较低的砂岩；在岩浆气源体-断裂-储集层空间输导格架下，CO_2气在膨胀力的驱动下，首先进入含水的断裂并重力分异而聚集，气体压力会不断增高，当压力增至一定程度，CO_2气会向高孔隙度、渗透率的储集层运移并聚集。；在岩浆气源体-储集层接触空间输导格架下，CO_2气受膨胀力的驱动直接向储集层运移并聚集。；成藏的CO_2气会经历化学沉淀、溶解、扩散和机械破坏四种破坏方式，会受断裂切割而打破压力平衡，沿断裂进一步运移和聚集成藏。

The characteristics of sequence development, source reservoir - seal assemblage and types of hydrocarbon reservoir for each sequence were discussed in detail. The dark colored shale of deep lacustrine facies in the transgressive system tract of SⅡ sequence deposited around the maximum flooding surface is the main source rock in this area. The shale of shallow lacustrine facies in the TST of SⅢ sequence around the MFS is the most important regional seal rock.

结果表明，该区古近系可划分为SⅠ，SⅡ，SⅢ和SⅣ4个层序，分别对应于房身泡组、沙三段、沙一段沙二段和东营组。SⅡ层序水进体系域最大湖泛期沉积的半深湖深湖相暗色泥岩是研究区的主力烃源岩系；SⅢ层序水进体系域最大湖泛面附近的浅湖相泥岩是最重要的区域盖层。

Once a gentleman, whose name I have forgotten, sent me a collection of fossils－tiny mollusk shells beautifully marked, and bits of sandstone with the print of birds'claws, and a lovely fern in bas relief.

一次，有一位先生寄给我一些化石——我已忘记那位先生叫什么名字——其中有美丽花纹的贝壳化石、有鸟爪印的沙岩以及蕨类植物化石。

The temples were carved into a sandstone cliff about 1250 bc during the reign of Ramses II.

阿布辛波神庙是在大约公元前1250年的Ramses II世时期被雕刻进沙岩峭壁而建成的。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。